Effect of Hourly Rounding on Clients Satisfaction in a Pediatric Research Paper

Effect of Hourly Rounding on Clients rapture in a Pediatric Facility - Research Paper ExampleThe group of participants testament be taken from a specific period of time, which is the month of April, so that the get pull up stakes cover a specific time to submit uniformity in time and place of the subject field to father deaf(p) outcome. Research Design To show the correlation of hourly rounding to patients satisfaction, the data-based research design volition be used in the study. By employ the experimental research design the hypothesis lead be tested and the relationship between the independent and dependent variable, the hourly rounding and the satisfaction direct of clients respectively, will be duly established. Experimental research design is used in the study for experimental research designs best establishes cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Measures To take a shit clear and precise answers not deviated from the result intended for the study, a re search survey questionnaire will be used in the soliciting definite answers regarding patients satisfaction on those who have visited the emergency subdivision during the month of April, 2012. The research survey questionnaire is composed of questions regarding patient satisfaction in 3 aspects during their visit in the emergency department satisfaction on staff, satisfaction on communication work at within the unit and the over-all satisfaction during the visit in the emergency department. ... Procedure The participant will be chosen using a systematic random sampling method. Participants will be taken from the hospitals data base choosing from the list of clients seen and experienced process at the emergency room department in a specified period of time, in this study during April 2012. A cover letter will be sent to participants together with the questionnaire explaining them of the purpose and significance of the study in bringing better service to clients by rating their sa tisfaction during the time of visit. Rest assured of confidentiality that their identity will not be revealed outside the scope of the study. After all questionnaires have been distributed analysis of the answers will be made using the Analysis of variance that will show if there is a direct relationship of hourly rounding in patient satisfaction that will be revealed with a high percentage of a in truth good scale versus the very poor scale which will reflect client satisfaction. Scope and limitations of the study The be able to come up with an unbiased outcome, the study will only cover participants that have encountered service during their visit at the emergency department to solicit if whether they have been satisfied with the service they have received only during the month of April to have uniformity in time and place assuring that the study will not be controlled by other outside variables and so to make sure participants atomic number 18 treated under the same conditions t o have unbiased outcome. And since the hospital is a pediatric facility clients will mostly be consisted of underage children, in this case the scope will regard relatives and parents of patients as clients as due to legality of the study thus clients under 18 years old will

Paradoxically, although modernity appeared to be a threat to Essay

Paradoxically, although contemporaneity appeared to be a scourge to Christianity, it had been nurtured, in significant part, by Christ - judge ExampleModernity mainly believes in what it sees and in the current living style only. It is for this reason that rawity is greatly affected by factors such as fashion trends, money, and status. On the other hand, Christianity believes that on that point is something more to staying alive and surviving in the world (Asad, 2003, 18). Therefore, clearly it appears modernity may be a threat to Christianity (Augustine, Pusey & William, 2011, 32). However, despite these threats caused by modernity, it has been institute that it is actually Christianity that has fuelled modernity into place. Through a large number of factors, Christianity has significantly nurtured modernity and caused it to develop in the society. Although modernity has brought about poor moral values that were non there in the traditional world, most of these traits main ly arise from Christianity in a broad sense. In addition, the representation in which Christian beliefs are changing with time, they may give rise to modernity (Augustine, Pusey & William, 2011, 33). This is because modernity is non an original lifestyle. It a living style that has grown from what was originally in the world. Since Christianity has been in place for a longer period than modernity, then it can be argued that modernity picked its traits from Christian ways of life. Modernity tries to copycat what was original and thus, the human beings themselves shape it. The fuelling of modernity by Christianity can be clearly observed from the authorities practiced in the world today (Berglund, Bruce & Brian, 2010, 11). For a number of years, Christianity had no part to play in politics. Politics have been referred to as a dirty game and thus, Christianity believes that leadership only comes from perfection. This way, Christians would believe that God would choose His own right ful leaders and thus, they would not actively participate in the politics. This subject has been thinking as bringing modernity into the world. This is because with Christianity not participating in the policy-making arena, politics were left in the hands of non-Christians. Consequently, politics were practiced without considering or taking into account, the Christian values written in the al-Quran or initially practised by the people (Brown, John & Kim, 2008, 15). There being no opposition, modernity took its course and directed the political field. Leaders would come up with modern ways of meeting their objectives and puzzle out any challenges that they faced. In addition, conflict resolution was no longer conducted using the religious laws in the Bible. Instead, modern arms used to fight the enemy were built up and murder was no longer considered a sin. Indeed Christianity can be said to have fuelled modernity into place. This is because had Christians taken part in the polit ical environment, politics could have been conducted in the right manner without using modern ways of gaining power. In addition, chastening of Christian involvement, also led to increased corruption among the people (Carter, 2000, 84). Political leaders were now raring(predicate) to find ways of doing things in a fast and easy way. It is in this way that modernity found its way into the world economy since major inventions were being made to ease the way of life. Christianity was also not effective in teaching the people the right way of life (Kung, 1980, 74). While people live that they should

Current Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ongoing Issues - Essay ExampleThis issue is identified as important as the nurses be the integral furcate of the wellness care sector. It cannot be denied that the nurses and other staff are the most important requirement of the health care sector. They are the one who are responsible for the care after the diagnosis of the sickness by doctors. The staff crisis is vital and has a direct impact on the health treatment of the patient. The work accuse on the nurses has increased and the risk of error, injury and occupational exposure might increase tremendously. The staffing crisis is affecting the health care industry and the patients life at large. The health care policies are frame with the objective of promoting the health of people in the society for ensuring healthy future. However, the nursing staff crisis can be seen to act as a hurdle towards achieving the goal of health care policy (Wong, 2012).Several American hospitals are facing the issue of staff crisis affecting the patient care needs and the nursing practices. due(p) to the increase in the staff crisis nurses are not being able to deliver quality armed service to the patients. According to Royal College of Nursing (2010), the nurses are being forced by the authority to work for much hours and serve every patient even if they are not competent. The crisis is creating an immense situation wherein the safety of the patients are at stake, increasing the chances of errors and accidents. Due to the crisis nurses are assigned with the responsibility of meeting the care needs of more patients than their ability to handle safely. This implies that the nursing practices might be affected leading to incorrect medication, patients accidents along with go in providing care. This issue is indeed creating a negative impact on the patients as well as on the existing nursing staff in the form of increased work pressure (Needleman et al.,

Apple Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

apple - Research Paper ExampleIt states that the company has through with(p) a very good job of marketing its sustainability efforts in order to increase the brand nurse of the company. Another good aspect closely the firms sustainability efforts is that Apple has been an early adopter of sassy sustainability technology. Article 3 Sustainability Faceoff Microsoft vs. Apple URL http//www.fastcompany.com/1650270/sustainability-faceoff-microsoft-vs-apple The article provides a comparison of the sustainability efforts of Apple and Microsoft. Overall the seed believes that the sustainability efforts of Microsoft are better, but he does mention a lot of good things that Apple is doing in damage of sustainability actions. The company claims that the new iMac and MacBook computers are already unaffixed of the toxic substances. (Schwartz, 2010). Article 4 Responsible ply Chain Leadership Should Apple Just Do It? URL http//www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/mar2012/responsible-su pply-chain-leadership-should-apple-just-do-it The author of this article discusses the steps that Apple has taken since 2005 to improve its sustainability program. In 2005 the company established a code of conduct outlining expectations for suppliers. During the next five years the company took steps to enforce compliance of its supply chain responsibilities, it incorporated an internal envision system, and established worker empowerment training. Article 5 Apple Inc. Making Progress on Sustainability In China, Though Workers and the Environment Still Deserve Better URL http//www.joshuawickerham.com/2011/10/11/apple-update/ The article focuses on Apples sustainability efforts from the perspective of the importance of establishing good stakeholder relationships, social causes, and environmental efforts. One of the good things close to the sustainability efforts of the company is that Apple integrates them into its production processes. The company has improved a lot its sustainabi lity program in the sights Republic of China. Article 6 Apple Sustainability, Child Labor, Bribes and Suicide URL http//www.caelusgreenroom.com/2011/02/15/apple-sustainability-child-labor-bribes-and-suicide/ The utilization of this article is to discuss the results of Apples 2011 progress report for Apple supplier sustainability. The report offers several(prenominal) examples of Apple improving worker conditions, employer practices, material sourcing, and other changes in its supply chain, including a 24.5% increase in the number of independent audits on work sites in that chain. (Caelusgreenroom, 2011). The firm has increased the number of sustainability audits to 102 per year. Part II Company efforts to improve/promote environmental sustainability Apple is truly committed towards the use of sustainability practices into its operations. The company has make a lot of good things to improve its sustainability program. The firm incorporates sustainability throughout its entire supp ly chain. Weve learned that about 98 percent of Apples carbon footprint is directly related to ourproducts. The remaining 2 percent is related to our facilities (Apple, 2012). The company applies sustainability in its transportation efforts. The company designs products with less material, ships with smaller packages, and they are free of toxic

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 3 - Essay ExampleTheir initial dabble at organizing their deary websites into categories had transformed into a million-hits-directory website which offered a search feature to visitors, allowing them to search for web content by look for categories. Considering that there had been no search engine before Yahoo, it is safe to say that before the inlet of the first mover, the industry had no other player in the category. The industry of the internet was a shadowy cycle industry since the product still exists in todays world. However, the technology running and defining this network had a very fast cycle. Technology became obsolete very soon and firms were forced to write innovating and improving their product offering in order to stay afloat. Many of the innovations brought about in this relatively new field were from garages and university dorms as was in the case of Yahoo. When Yahoo was initially launched, it was a lower-ranking more than an organized directory o f a handful of websites which the friends, families and peers of the two PHD students at Stanford University used to navigate the web. However, only a year later in 1995, the immense growing popularity of the website prompted the founders to actively pursue the concept as a business and set up their own company with the help of start up funds from chance capitalists.

Eco-tourism Environmentally friendly resort development business plan Essay

Eco-tourism Environmentally friendly resort development pipeline plan - move Exampleis a relatively new trend in the tourism industry, has taken many travelers to variant remote corners of the world, exposing them to many diverse wildlife and cultures that have been developing in relative isolation from the modern world, therefore making ecotourism one of the most interesting and therefore fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry (Ibid.).rib Rica, unlike the former(a) so-called Third World countries which are focusing on rapid urbanization and industrialization, has turned to ecotourism and considered it as its key to its goal of economic development (Dulude, 2000). Despite its relative smallness compared to other countries in Central America, Costa Rica is home to an incredible biodiversity highlighted by scenic beaches, lush rain forests, moving volcanoes and a very exotic wildlife, with its tourist industry bringing in about one one million million visitors a year an d generating approximately $1 billion annually, making tourism Costa Ricas randomness largest income generator after the silicon chip production industry (Ibid.). Further, Costa Rica also has the following features which practice it an ideal country for ecotourism, which also rationalize this papers overall concept of an eco-friendly resort business in the country, as follows1. Rich biodiversity. Costa Rica has an incredible biodiversity that can offer tourists foreign and local like with a glimpse of mountains and volcanoes, as well as beaches and lush green rainforests that are all locate within a relatively small region in the country (Garen, 2000). According to Lizano (2000, p17), there are about twenty-four national parks in Costa Rica that are covering its diverse industrial plant and fauna, covering about twenty-one percent of the countrys territory, which includes twenty-eight percent of the countrys Indian reserves.2. Strategic Location. Costa Rica is situated closel y to the United States (US), which makes it ideal and strategic for its tourist industry, heavy(a)

Mississippi Burning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

disseminated multiple sclerosis Burning - Essay fountThree civil the right ways workers were murdered in America in the year 1964 the murdered in additionk place in the US state of disseminated multiple sclerosis this is why the film was named Mississippi burning. The FBI inevitably got involved in the probe and the film also showcases two agents trying hard to uncover the truth. Alan Parker directed this film and it was written by Chris Gerolmo. The movie was very well liked by the audience and it went on to win several accolades which include the best film for cinematography, best picture, best sound and a host of other awards. In outrage of doing well the movie was severely criticized because according to the critics the film fails to present the historical records in the right manner. The film director of the movie had to come out and defend the movie by saying it was no documentary, it was instead dramatization. Mississippi Burningis set in 1964 when three civil rights w orkers are murdered in a tiny town by members of the Ku Klux Klan. (Mississippi Burning) In American society the civil rights workers are given very precise protection precisely the film portrays the FBI agents as real heroes, they come to Mississippi to investigate the murder of the victims but in reality very little has been done to protect the civil rights workers in America. ... The movie created a ruckus, a scene in the movie showed a white man beating a bleak boy while he was praying this created a lot of problems. This was seen as racism by many nation and it even antagonized the blacks living in America. A few black men started beating up a white boy after discussing the movie as a result of which a huge turmoil in America was caused. Directors must always keep in mind that their movies are more than commensurate of disturbing the law and order in a country because so many people condition it and they interpret the scenes in their own way and this may cause so many u nforeseen problems. much(prenominal) race sensitive scenes should not be shown in movies to be on the safer side. The movie also gave prink to hate crime after its release. Above case which has been discussed in the paper became a very strategic case in the American constitution. A highly charged box of fireworks is the best way to attain Mississippi Burning. It is 1964 and the Civil Rights Movement is tearing apart many areas in the Deep South. Mississippi is definitely the hottest spot of all as the entire state seems to be split between whites and African Americans. (Mississippi Burning) The three African American men who were murdered in Mississippi were seeking justice, they wanted the right to vote like any other American but this did not go down too well with The Ku Klux Klan and the local police authorities. Those three men were abducted and murdered very ruthlessly. Miburn was the name of mission undertaken by the FBI to solve this mystery, Miburn stood for Mississippi burning and the investigation launch the corpses of those three civil rights workers and the investigation also found the identity of the people who killed them. The U. S.

The Death of Marilyn Munroe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Death of Marilyn Munroe - Research Paper ExampleThe police officer pack to her home and confirmed that she was indeed dead. However, in that respect were legion(predicate) questions about Marilyns closing, which needed answers, moreover, till to run across there are questions that beg to be answered. Different explanations and theories that have been forwarded to explain her death especially accidental, suicide or murder, which can be explored to determine which is the intimately credible and why despite the fact that an prescribed report on her death was issued (Possible suicide) the story is still subject to a myriad of speculations. Despite the embarrassment of theories, the official explanation is still the most logical, and despite the many loose ends and mysterious circumstances environ it, it best explains the available facts. However, one and only(a) must take cognizance of the fact that, like the others, it was not a watertight explanation. The most sensationa l and explored theory was that she was murdered. This is highly characteristic in celebrity deaths, and often a cottage industry of conspiracy theories spouts in the wake of one. The reason the murder conspiracy theory generated so much interest was the implicating the two most powerful men in America, President J.F Kennedy and his brother Robert Kennedy. It is aver from several unverifiable sources that Monroe was having an affair with the president whose amorous nature was a well-known secret. However, collect to her irrational behavior and that fact that she had become somewhat obsessed with the idea of becoming first lady, Kennedy decided to cut her loose. Several witnesses, one of them a police officer alleged to have seen Robert near the gibe on the death. Is it possible that one or both of them could have been complicit in the death of the actress? It was claimed that security measures agents susceptibility have killed her in order to cover up for the brothers indiscret ions, since they are said to have discussed national security issues with her. That question may appear easy to a conspiracy theorist trying to make the most sensational story, but the lack of evidence and the moral standing of the attorney general make it a decidedly unlikely story. However, there is evidence of a cover up in that there was a lot of missing evidence or evidence that seemed to have been tampered with. The autopsy results also left many questions since and many factors did not add up. Telephone records of the night were confiscated, and despite the official assumption that she swallowed the pills, there was no evidence of water or a glass in her room. There were also allegations that the body had been pose to appear like suicide, however, tampering with evidence is an entirely different thing from murder so one cannot presume that she was killed. The theory of accidental death is more credible than the murder, possibly owing to the fact that there was empirical evid ence supporting it. However, due to its non-sensational nature, it has not been as explored as the former. On the premises that the death was accidental, there two distinct possibilities, one is that she overdosed herself by accident, or she was taking wrongly prescribed medication. Drs. Greenson and Hymans had been works together to wean her of Nembutal the drug which she is believed to have been one of those responsible for the death. Another consideration was that the doctor, who gave Monroe a heavy dose of Chlorate on the eve of her death, might not have done so if he knew she

Renal transplants Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

nephritic transplants - Research news report ExampleDuring this time, approximately one third of potential drop living conferrers are unable to donate to their potential recipients due to ABO or antigen incompatibility. Kidney paired donation (KPD) and kidney list donation (KLD) were the alternative options for candidates with incompatible donor (McKay, 2010, 103). The first KPD transplant was performed on South Korea in 1991. The United States performed its first KPD transplant in 2000 in Rhode Island Hospital while the first KLD occurred in England in 2001 (McKay, 2010, 104). The kidney is the most commonly transplanted organ in the land with more than 160,000 persons in the United States living with a transplanted kidney by the end of 2008 (Shoskes, 2011, 154). But despite this number, persons needing kidney transplanting still increases and a relative scarcity in legal injury of resource arise. A complete drift of information about kidney graft was included in the database s of U.S. Renal Database System (USRDS), Scientific Registry of Renal Transplants Recipients (SRTR), United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), and Collaborative Transplant Study (Shoskes, 2011, 154). Procedures Before a unhurried undergo kidney transplant, a series of laboratory tests and procedures are needed to perform and complete. Matching is the key dickhead is successful transplantation. The donors organ should match the recipients body in terms of ABO and antigen incompatibility to overturn risks of rejection. The patient with end-stage renal disease may choose from treatments such as peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, or transplantation. Transplantation is done if the patient wants the treatment or if according to disease severity, requires the transplantation procedure. The surgical team involves the pre-emptive living donor (LD) transplantation to minimize pre-operation transplant list and maximize operant choices. The LD transplantation decreases the risk of acute tub ular necrosis due to ischemia, increases potential for matching, and offers opportunity to initiate and hone immunosuppressive therapy, thereby reducing acute rejection episodes (McKay, 2010, 17). Background regarding the quality of the donors organ was determine and positive outcome was expected. Then, the transplant team prepares the patient for the procedure. However, if the patient has superior vena cava syndrome due to an AV graft in the previous hemodialysis, a different procedure is done by the nephrologists and cardiologists. The organ transplantation is divided into five separate procedures (McKay, 2010, 18) and discussed as follows 1) Preparation the surgeon discuss to the patient the surgical procedure. frequent anesthesia is introduced after and intraoperative measures are implemented. 2) Exposure after prepping and draping, incision is made in the right or left lower quadrant. 3) Vascular Anastomoses venous anastomoses first and arterial anastomoses must be last t o avoid complications of bleeding and thrombosis. The kidney is chilled and topical iced is used liberally. Clamp is placed in the renal vein. 4) Ureteral anastomoses is the preferred method to instal urologic continuity 5) Closing wound/skin closure and measures to prevent complications. After completion of all the procedures in kidney transplantation, the patient is placed in the recovery area and post-operative interventions are applied. Health providers monitor for rejection signs post-operative

Just answer the Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Just answer the Question - Essay ExampleIt is undoubted that human beings live played a significant role in climate change leading to depredation of the biosphere and quenching of vast species of flora and fauna. With no qualm, the priming coats biodiversity faces constant threats that would merit some intervention. However, time is a healing factor. Let the earth be for the next one million years and the current tribulations it faces provide be past tense, safely buried in the world of history.If the world needs no pitch, what does? homo is obviously under threat. Human beings atomic number 18 headed for extinction taking many more species with them besides the ones that cook already disappeared. The human race population is fast skyrocketing and will soon surpass the carrying capacity of the earth (Cobb Para 5). Human activities such as burning of fossil fuels releasing excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, olibanum accentuating global warming can only do more harm to humans and other species infixed for the continuity of humanity. Consequently, mans efforts to curb adverse phenomena such as global warming are focused more on saving humanity rather than the world. Therefore, the world needs no saving as does humanity because it can cope with its tribulations over

Explore the idea of historical embeddedness in The Brief Wondrous Life Research Paper

Explore the idea of historical embeddedness in The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao - Research Paper ExampleThe narrator therefore wonders if writing this young is his own way of saying zafa. Every body seems to be cursed The first chapter, which happens in 1974 to1987 in Paterson, details Oscars childhood and early adolescence. For one week when he is seven, Oscar dates two girls, Olga and Maritza, at the aforesaid(prenominal) period. However, the threesome momentarily falls apart and the intent of Oscar goes downhill from then onwards. In adolescence, he was fat, dorky, and unattractive. His enkindle in Genre creates him even more unattractive, and his unless true friends are Miggs and Al. Oscars sister Lola pronounce to encourage him to lose weight to be more masculine for him to land a girlfriend, but Oscar does not regard their advice. When Miggs and Al find girlfriends and purposely dessert him out, Oscar realizes that they even contemplate that he is a failure. Oscar goe s to Santo Domingo to envision Nena Inca, and starts writing science fiction as a channel. When Oscar returns he finds a girl called Ana Obregon at sit prep class, instantly falling in love with her. Oscar and Ana become good friends, but never physically intimately attached. Eventually Anas boyfriend named Manny returns from an army mission and Ana stops having time with Oscar. Afterward, Oscar goes to Rutgers for college. He hopes life in college may be different, but in there, he realizes that still he is a loser. Oscar, the genius who collects the novel together, justly perceives himself as a doubly marginalized figure. A Dominican-American boy growing up in Paterson during the 80s, he is hampered by counter-stereotypical nerdiness in addition to problems of racism and social class. Bashful, precocious, and overweight, Oscar is well versed in admiration comics and Japanimation lore. His ambition is to write a space fictional. A Dominican accent manipulates Wilde into Wao wile in college. Yunior (Solis 49), his college roommate and best friend, does not quite apprehend Oscar, however loves him and sees that there something is within Oscar that needs to be known. As the key narrator of the story, Yunior provides a loving portrayal of a tortured person within a tortured family. Redemption of Oscar brief wondrous life manifests at a momentous, but justified, price. Told from the viewpoint of Oscars sister Lola with his best friend Yunior, the story of the search for revitalization leads the reader through some of the darkest junctions of a country under severe dictatorial control. Lola pursues her own redemption, far away from her family, particularly her mother and her heritage. She only loves her younger brother Oscar and seeks protecting him from the curse which is tragically affecting their family. Saying that Hapatia Belicia was natural to hard date would be an understatement. Belis mother died when she was only two months old, never met her father, held by her sisters a few time before they disappeared too, and spent no time in Casa Hatuey. Beli had multiple things sailing against her from the beginning of her pathetic life. She was born sick and underweight, at a time and environment where it would be difficult for any newborn to abide with her accompanied situation. She was also dark skinned, a reason that made her fathers family to absolutely nauseate anything to do with her. At this juncture, her life is saved uniquely by a single woman

The effects of advertising on children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The effects of advertising on children - Essay ExampleThis The Effects of Advertising on Children taste outlines the impact of the ad on the children, their behavior, eating disorders and bad habits. Almost all nutrition and beverage companies ar using television advertisements aiming to target the children. (McGinnis et al., 2006) These advertisements include TV commercials, product placement, and character licensing in order to swing children to consume low nutrient fodders with more high calories, sugar, salt, and fattening foods like cereals, hamburgers, French fries, pizza, and hot dogs among others. Mc Donalds, KFC, and Burger King are only some of the companies that widely use advertisements on TV, billboards, and even on the newspaper. some of these kids also hear these advertisements on the radio. Advertisers have a convincing way of making fast food advertisements look extremely delicious and appetizing. On the other hand, fast food companies know how to hold back th eir food taste better by adding high sugar, salt, and fat contents. (Well, n.d.) The combination of television, radio, and print advertisements together with the good tastes of these foods make children crave for more each day. Unconsciously, fast food restaurants become the brand and food preferences of these children. Thus, affecting their wellness negatively. Based on a research study, there is a possible correlation between childhood obesity and sugary foods advertisements on the television. Another study shows that fast-food consumption is strongly associated with the sudden increase in weight and insulin resistance.

Summary and Critical Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary and Critical repartee - Assignment ExampleSome skills are learnt in these workplaces, Etzioni claims, but they are often non a steady-going example. Money earned in these jobs is spent by teens to support themselves, in poorer areas, or deliver for a major item, but more often it is used to buy trend items, with little pertinacious value, according to Etzioni. He concludes the article by advising balance in activities for teenagers, so that the desire to earn coin does not prevent a well-rounded educational process. (199 words) Critical Response to the article Working at McDonalds by Amitai Etzioni Amitai Etzioni in the article Working at McDonalds examines the phenomenon of teen employment in the United States. The authors central claim is that the kind of employment that is offered to teens, and their simplespread joining of such(prenominal) employment, is becoming a problem due to the inappropriate nature of the jobs they are able to get. At the outset, the author acknowledges that very few scientific studies have been carried out to examine the nature of jobs at places such as fast-food outlets. This concession may strengthen the consideration presented, because it suggests that the writer is going to persuade the reader with logical argument based on personal observations. A point of view is going to be proposed, for the audience to be convinced by. On the other hand, it may weaken the argument, in that not enough scientific solelyy turn out fact exists to strengthen what is being claimed. The latter is true. This article presents an almost entirely personal point-of-view, and inductions so wide that the reader would have to question even the most simple of Etzionis claims. An important example of stimulus generalization is that there are more traditional teen jobs, which are much better for young pack than current ones. The claim is that the traditional lemonade stands, which teach the value of entrepreneurship, and paper routes, to learn the skills of hard work and regular, good service fit into the American work ethic better than jobs currently(according to the writer). Not only is it a generalization to propose that every youngster in the past benefited from these wholesome jobs, it is also an appeal to the emotions of Americans, generally, in that the writer presumes that everyone believes that the old way of life in the USA was better than the current one. Other generalizations follow that all teenagers with very few exceptions spend their money unwisely that most fast-food outlets are poorly managed and do not allow for the employee to take initiative that all teenagers school education is badly affected by odd-job(prenominal) work. Added to these sweeping statements, the writer also appeals to the readers emotions, and exaggerates the actual conditions of work for teens. He uses negative toll such as pot party to describe these workplaces. Any parent would not be quick-witted with the possibility that a childs place of work could be described in this way. Etzioni but proposes that the kind of work available to teenagers causes the continued poverty of sections of the American population

Tate Modern Art Gallery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Tate advanced Art Gallery - Essay ExampleThe researcher of the essay Tate Modern Art Gallery gives a review of Tate Modern, London modern art gallery. In the year 1930, the responsibility was given to Sir Giles Gilber Scott. The major federal agency transmit got completed in two phases, with a 200m long brick clad steel structure having a 99m game central chimney. The height was kept a bit lower than the dome of St. Pauls cathedral, primed(p) on the other side of the river. The power commit was made to order due to a power shortage back in 1947 but as the power pant was an oil- ground one, it had huge emission of polluted gas in surrounding air. Apart from this, dumping of noxious chemicals in nigh grounds was a part and parcel of the plant operation. Due to gradually rising oil prices it seemed to be uneconomical to channelize on with the power station. Finally in 1982, the power station was shut down. After that for several years, this power station was at jeopardy of bei ng knocked down by the developers. A number of people campaigned for the peeled usage of the unused building. In 1993, the knocking down process started with digging up a mountain on the station wall. Then only BBC came up with a program called One foot in the past focusing on the imminent danger of the old building a passionate draw in was given by Dan Cruikshank, the reporter in there. Later on in the year 1994, Tate Gallery announced that they are going to develop new house of Tate Modern in the Bankside Power station. At enter this is one of the successful art galleries. ... In the eighteen century it was an important trade and industry sector. It was sunk heavily during Second World War, but construction of Bankside bought a major change. Being an oil based power generating station, it resulted in different defilement related factors. The power station dumped harmful chemicals in the nearby ground that polluted the underground water and surrounding water bodies. The statio n had emitted different gases directly into the aviation without treating them properly for purification and filtration. These gases contain luxuriously concentration of carbon dioxide and several other toxic exhausts which deteriorated the surroundings around. When an international survey was conducted in 1962 by National Survey on Air Pollution, a high volume of smoke and sulphur dioxide was found to be present. The reasons behind such changes were pointed towards a decline in the consumption of coal and a growth in use of oil as a fuel. It was similarly found that the black smoke emitted by diesel engines contain carbon mono oxide which is highly harmful for the health of living being (The British Medical Journal, 1967). The oil based power generation station neglected legion(predicate) legal factors to keep the pollution level low and all these had resulted high pollution of land, water and air. It caused harm to both vegetation and animals of the nearby locality and turne d to a major terror to the environment. Health and safety issues related to Tate ModernBankside power station was in a closed advance for many years, so when Tate Gallery decided to convert it in an art gallery there were many safety and health related issues that required to be handled with due importance. The air

Sources of Government Power in a Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sources of Government Power in a Nation - Essay ExampleIn the introductory paragraph, the paper mentions two major(ip) forms of governments. These forms are the major sources of government power. Monarchical government is a form of government that is disliked by many nations overdue to its nature that one becomes the attraction of a nation whether the Nationals like it or not. Citizens will always fate to hear an individuals ideological ability. Various nations suck in their cultural and political beliefs and would expect to have them maintained. With the hereditary monarchy, nationals are not able to evaluate and choose their leaders. An example is the Great Britain where the newborn fag William has to become the next king. The king may not bother to maintain the doctrines of the nation because of the guarantee of lead assured. Family leadership is a duplication of the same leadership since it comes from the same people. This means that the prince will emulate founding father s governance, limiting the chances of change in the country. According to Globalizing Democracy by Fierlbeck K., a potential leader proves to nationals of fulfilling the promises made to citizens, unlike hereditary monarchy. The promises one makes should be factual and ones that cope with the doctrines of the country. Once somebody has gotten into power, he/she gets the strength to either fulfill the promises made to nationals or not. This is because of the superiority one gets, overlooking the voters who took him/her to the same power. This this instant creates domination (Fierlbeck 22).

Attachment and Parenting Styles Essay Example for Free

Attachment and Parenting Styles EssayEveryone has had some type of phencyclidine some point in his or her life. The and difference is the type of method used for riseing. Parenting expressions invite been grouped into four different styles indulgent, potentate, authoritative, and uninvolved (Darling Eric, 1999. para. 3). With each kind of call downing style, there are pros and cons that help or disrupt a frys well-being. Parents should take for sure the type of parenting style they expose their tike to will be positive and non negatively affect the small fry. A negative impact could impede a childs current behavior and future behavior.Parenting StylesThe authoritarian approach provides children with a focalize of rules that must be followed without questioning. There is a do as I say not as I do attitude. The authoritarian parenting style is the harsher style. According to the textbook, The authoritarian child-rearing style is low in acceptation and involvement, high in coercive control, and low in autonomy granting (Berk, 2010, pg. 279). Parents who use this method set strict limits and demo subaltern or no love appearing to be cold. If a child resists the parent, the parent will result into a forceful punishment. It is not uncommon for a parent with this approach to shame, blame, punish, and rally his or her child.The most common reason for parents using this method is that they do not want their children to become failures. The uninvolved approach rejects and neglects a child. According to the textbook, the uninvolved child-rearing style combines low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy (Berk, 2010, pg. 280). A parent will usually make some to no demands from the child. It is not uncommon for a parent to be overcome with his or her life that he or she expresss little or no interest in the child make neglecting. A child who is around this type of atmosphere may have several problems that include asocial behavior and developing a low self-esteem. It is possible for a parent to focus on his or her own problems that they do not realize how separate he or she is with the child and the lack of worked up support given.Types of AttachmentsA child who may have a parent whose parenting style is authoritarian may have a resistant fixing. Resistant alliance affects about 10 percent of infants (Machteld, 2011, para. 7). With resistant supplement a child is likely to be clingy, angry, and distressed. A child may cry for longer periods and nookynot sapidity comfort as easily as other children.An uninvolved parent may have a child who expresses avoidant attachment. This attachment affects about 15 percent of infants (Machteld, 2011, para. 9). During this attachment a child may fancy a lack of interest when the parent is around. He or she will not be distraught when the parent leaves. They are not going to be clingy and will treat strangers the same as they do his or her parents.The reasons for choosing these attachments are because they go hand-in-hand with the type of parenting styles chosen. If a child has a parent with the authoritarian style of parenting he or she is likely to go through the resistant attachment. A child who has a parent uninvolved is likely to go through the avoidant attachment. Each type of parenting style will have a different type of attachment.Culture Impact and ExamplesDifferent cultures vary in the way they raise children and what is design to be the right or wrong way. Culture can play a role in the impact of raising a child. What may be satisfactory in one culture may be wrong in another. The textbook provides several examples of culture impact and attachment patterns. German infants show considerably more avoidant attachment than American babies do. But German parents value independence and encourage their infants to be non-clingy (Berk, 2010. pg. 199).In one culture independence is encouraged and a child with avoidant attachment is not seen as a negative impact. In another culture a parent may believe this attachment is neglectful and not want his or her child to express this type of attachment. Infants in Africa showed no avoidant attachment to their mothers. Even when grandmothers are the primary caregivers (Berk, 2010. pg. 199). It is common for a Japanese baby to show resistant attachment. This is not because of any insecurity, but because a Japanese mother will normally not leave her child in anyone elses care. Japanese parents see this as normal.ConclusionEach parent must look out which type of parenting style works best for him or her. The type of parenting style not only affects the parent but also the child. As a responsible parent it is his or her job to make sure that the obstacles of everyday life does not hinder him or her from being a good parent. With the authoritarian style or uninvolved style a child will be shown and acquire his or her morals. It is not right to neglect or over discipline a child. A parent can be strict and loving at the same time. A child needs to have twain discipline and love to be well-rounded. Too much discipline can force a child to have problems just as neglecting a child will also. There has to be a spunk where the parent can realize when enough is enough.ReferencesBerk, L. E. (2010). Development through the lifespan. (5th ed., pp. 119-215). Boston, MA Allyn Bacon.Darling, N., ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and archaean Childhood Education, C. L. (1999). Parenting Style and Its Correlates. ERIC Digest.Machteld, Hoeve (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles Unique and combined links to adolescent and early pornographic delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 34813-827. doi 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.02.004

Types of Sampling Essay Example for Free

Types of Sampling Essay* How do we decide which to employ?* How do we break apart the results differently depending on the type of consume? Non-probability Sampling Why dont we intention non-probability sampling schemes? Two reasons * We lingo determination the mathematics of probability to analyze the results. * In general, we cant count on a non-probability sampling scheme to produce representative samples. In mathematical statistics hold backs (for courses that assume you admit already taken a probability course) * Described as assumptions virtually hit-or-miss variables* Sampling with replacement versus sampling without replacementWhat be the main types of sampling and how is each done?Simple Random Sampling A simple hit-or-miss sample (SRS) of size n is produced by a scheme which ensures that each subgroup of the macrocosm of size n has an equal probability of being chosen as the sample. secern Random Sampling Divide the nation into strata. There can be any n umber of these. Then choose a simple haphazard sample from each stratum. Combine those into the overall sample. That is a stratified random sample. (Example Church A has 600 women and cd women as members. One way to get a stratified random sample of size 30 is to take a SRS of 18 women from the 600 women and another SRS of 12 men from the 400 men.)Multi-Stage Sampling Sometimes the cosmos is too large and scattered for it to be practical to make a list of the entire population from which to draw a SRS. For instance, when the a polling organization samples US electors, they do not do a SRS. Since voter lists are compiled by counties, they qualification first do a sample of the counties and then sample deep down the selected counties. This illustrates two stages. In more or less instances, they might use even more stages. At each stage, they might do a stratified random sample on sex, race, income level, or any other usable variable on which they could get information before sampling. How does one decide which type of sampling to use?The formulas in almost all statistics books assume simple random sampling. Unless you are bequeathing to learn the more complex techniques to analyze the data after it is collected, it is let to use simple random sampling. To learn the appropriate formulas for the more complex sampling schemes, look for a book or course on sampling. Stratified random sampling gives more precise information than simple random sampling for a assumption sample size. So, if information on all members of the population is available that divides them into strata that search relevant, stratified sampling will usually be used. If the population is large and enough resources are available, usually one will use multi-stage sampling. In such situations, usually stratified sampling will be done at near stages. How do we analyze the results differently depending on the different type of sampling? The main difference is in the computation of the est imates of the variance (or standard deviation).An excellent book for self-study is A Sampler on Sampling, by Williams, Wiley. In this, you see a rather small population and then a complete derivation and description of the sampling distribution of the sample mean for a particular small sample size. I opine that is accessible for any student who has had an upper-division mathematical statistics course and for some strong students who have had a freshman introductory statistics course. A very simple statement of the conclusion is that the variance of the estimator is smaller if it came from a stratified random sample than from simple random sample of the same size. Since small variance meat more precise information from the sample, we see that this is consistent with stratified random sampling endowment let on estimators for a given sample size. Return to the aggrandisement.Non-probability sampling schemesThese include voluntary response sampling, judgement sampling, lash-up s ampling, and maybe others. In the early part of the 20th century, many important samples were done that werent establish on probability sampling schemes. They led to some memorable mistakes. Look in an introductory statistics text at the discussion of sampling for some interesting examples. The introductory statistics books I usually teach from are staple Practice of Statistics by David Moore, Freeman, and Introduction to the Practice ofStatistics by Moore and McCabe, too from Freeman. A particularly good book for a discussion of the problems of non-probability sampling is Statistics by Freedman, Pisani, and Purves.The detail is fascinating. Or, ask a statistics teacher to lunch and have them tell you the stories they tell in class. Most of us like to talk about these Someday when I have time, maybe Ill write some of them here. Mathematically, the important thing to recognize is that the discipline of statistics is based on the mathematics of probability. Thats about random variabl es. All of our formulas in statistics are based on probabilities in sampling distributions of estimators. To create a sampling distribution of an estimator for a sample size of 30, we must(prenominal) be able to consider all possible samples of size 30 and base our analysis on how likely each individual result is. Return to the top.In mathematical statistics books (for courses that assume you have already taken a probability course) the part of the problem relating to the sampling is described as assumptions about random variables. Mathematical statistics texts almost always says to consider the Xs (or Ys) to be independent with a common distribution. How does this correspond to some description of how to sample from a population? Answer simple random sampling with replacement. Return to the top.Types of Graphs- force GraphsComparing various sets of data can be complicated, but line graphs make it easy. The plotted peaks and dips on the grid allow you to monitor and compare improve ment and decline. Scientists use line graphs all the time, as do all types of professionals and students. Learn more about line graphsthe most popular type of graph. -Bar Graphs sweet to the eyes, bar graphs compare data in a simple format consisting of rectangular bars. With a hardly a(prenominal) varieties to choose from, settling on theright bar graph might be confusing. Should you go with a horizontal, vertical, double or group bar graph? Read on to find out.-PictographsYou first act pictographs during childhood and bump into them all finished heartat school, work, and all over magazines and on TV. These diagrams, which use small picture symbols to compare information, are a media favorite statisticians, though, do not share the sentiment. chance out why, and learn more about the uses of pictographs. -Pie ChartsSimple to make and simple to understand, a pie chart is a popular form of data comparison, consisting of a circle that is split into parts. When should you use pie c harts, and when should you not? Learn about their advantages and disadvantages, and get some tips on making pie charts.-CosmographsA cosmograph is a type of chart that shows comparisons. In doing so, it makes life and work easier. If you want to prepare an input-output model for your organization, or compare the features of a geographical region through a simple visual, cosmographs come in handy. dress out how a cosmograph can help you. - organizational ChartsThese diagrams represent the relationships between the different positions and ranks of a company through a series of boxes that go from top to bottom and side to side. Not only does anorganizational chart add order and structure to an organization, but it also shows if changes are needed. Get more information on organizational charts.-Flow ChartsWhen projects seem overbearing and processes seem complex, flow charts can save the day by break things down into smaller steps and giving you a clearer idea of the overall process. S hapes are typically used to represent the components of a flow chart. Find out what these shapes represent and learn more about flow charts.

Development of Modern Middle East Essay Example for Free

Develop handst of Modern Middle East EssayThe nominate of this paper is to give a synopsis of the life tarradiddle and work of Muhammad, son of Abdullah, the visionary of Islam. It result too seek to address the perse bowdlerizeions he underwent at the hands of his own comp all. Muhammad was and remains sensation of the around influential people the world has ever seen. He was a mortal, illiterate man who has changed world history and left an indelible mark on the history hold backs. He was the run of the vaticinators and wholeness of the few with account books. The scripture (Quran) is one of the most read and revered books on the face of the earth. His work has over one one grand million followers worldwide comprising people from all races, social status, sex and age. He ack instanterledged every oracle to begin with him and discriminated against none (Quran 2285). He was a human rights champion. In this paper Quraysh and/or Mecca bequeath mostly refer to un believers in Islamic mo nonheism at the duration of Muhammad.MUHAMMAD BIRTH and CHILDHOODMuhammad the son of Abdullah and the grandson of Abdul Muttalib (leader of the Quraysh phratry and custodian of al-Kaaba) is the prophet of the Islamic religion. Muhammad was born in Mecca in the year 570 c.e. which is also known as the Year of the Elephant. This is the year that Abrahah, the king of Abyssinia (modern day Ethiopia) displace a powerful index to destroy al-Kaaba because he viewed al-Kaaba as a rival since it was attracting more pilgrims than his newly constructed temple in Yemen. According to history, on orgasm Mecca the lead elephant of Abrahahs convoy refused to enter the city. Then birds filled the skies stoning the soldiery with pebbles so overmuch so that they had to re divvy up in defeat. Muhammad was a descendant of Abraham through his son Ishmael. His father Abdullah died few months before Muhammads birth.His m another(prenominal) Aminah sent him the countryside to be nursed and nurtured as was the custom in Arabia. Its believed that the barbarianren apprise the qualities of self-discipline, nobility, and freedom better in the countryside than in the urban argonas. It also gave them the opportunities to be speakers of eloquent Arabic verbalise by the Bedouin. Aminah did not have much money to pay for the care so most of the caregivers would not recognize Muhammad until she met Halimah a poor Bedouin woman who became Muhammads nurse. wizard day while playing with his child peers, two angels appeared to him in human fashion, laid him fling dark, opened his chest and purified his heart. For fear of what might have happened next, Halimah and her preserve Harith returned Muhammad to his mother. (Britannica) Aminah died when Muhammad was solo six years old. His grandfather (Abdul Muttalib) took custody of him, then two years later(prenominal) Abdul Muttalib poisonous sick and suspected he may not survive the illness, so he asked his so n Abu Talib to construct charge of Muhammad. Abdul Muttalib had many sons some of whom were richer than Abu Talib but he was the kindest and most respect suitable among his brothers. Abu Talib treated him very salutary and respectfully.ADOLESCENT to MARRIAGEAt a new age he joined Abu Talibs train to Syria. On this Syrian trip a Christian monk (Bahira) saw the signs of prophethood on him, invited him and his uncle to dine with him. He saw the prophet seal on his back and told Abu Talib to protect him from the Jews and Christians because might kill him if they realize his was the foretold prophet to suffice afterwards Jesus (Quran 616) And mention when Jesus, the son of Mary, give tongue to, O children of Israel, indeed I am the courier of Allah to you confirming what came before me of the Torah and bringing good tidings of a messenger to come after me, whose take a crap is Ahmad. But when he came to them with clear evidences, they said, This is obvious magic. Muhammad was sai d to be a childlike man of grotesque physical beauty and generosity of character.He was revered in Mecca due to his sense of fairness and justice that people often went to him for arbitration, then the title al-Amin (the Trusted One). His uncle Abu Talib recommended him to Khadija to work on her caravan. He did so sanitary that Khadija retained his service and made him the guide on of her caravan and proposed marriage to him through her friend. They got married when Muhammad was twenty louvre years old and Khadija who was forty years old. During marriage they had two sons and four daughters.The two sons both died young and only Fatimah among the daughters grew up to have children of her own. At age thirty atomic number 23, Muhammad took his cousin Ali who was five at the time into his household and raised him. He later gave his daughter Fatima to Ali in marriage and it was through this matrimony that his result came. (Britannica) All these time although an illiterate, he wa s not satisfied with the spiritual lives of the Meccans. He started retreating to the mountains for meditation. He has seen, heard, and dreamed of providential things and macrocosms. He maintained in his mind that there must be a supernatural being somewhere who is responsible for all these creatures. (CARM)CALL to PROPHETHOODMuhammad continued his daily retreat in the cave on the mountain. One day, generally believed to be the night of power (Laila tul Qadr) in Ramadan at age forty in the year 610 c.e. while in the cave on mount Hira, the archangel Gabriel appeared to him in human form and asked him to recite. Muhammad told the angel that he did not know how to read but Gabriel insisted he recite the name of thy superior (Quran 961-5) instruct In the name of your Lord (Cherisher and Sustainer), He who created created man, out of a leech-like clot Read And your Lord is Most Bountiful. He who taught (the use of) the Pen, taught man that which he knew not. The appearance of Gabrie l to Muhammad confirmed his call to prophethood which also marked the beginning of Islam, and added another important chapter to Arab and world history.Among the first converts to Islam were his beloved married woman Khadija, Ali his cousin and later son-in-law, and his friend Abu Bakr. The wrangling that Gabriel taught him became the first verses (Ayat) of the scriptures (Koran) which later developed to one hundred and fourteen chapters arranged from the interminable to the shortest except the opening chapter (al-Fatiha) which is short. The Quran was revealed in a period of twenty three years (610-632 c.e), the first thirteen years in Mecca and last ten in Medina.Although not arranged in chronological order, the shorter chapters are the early revelations. The Quran is one of the most revered and read books on earth today. It is the most sacred book for the Muslims they believe it is perfections own words (the original copy in heaven) and that Muhammad is the last of the prophet s hence the other title the Seal. In this case Muhammad and the Quran are both completely beyond criticism (reprimand) in the Islamic world. The Muslims pull up stakes go any length to defend both regardless of the consequences. (Britannica)EARLY age of ISLAM and PERSECUTIONSFor the first three years Islam had or so forty followers (Muslims). Muhammad and the Muslims faced a lot of persecutions at the hands of Mecca pagans, who viewed the new faith as a threat to their polytheistic lives, and the religions of their forefathers. He was still discussion in underground even after three years. He preached a lot about good-will to the poor and the weak (women and children), equality of races, equality of men and women before God. Muslims started gaining ground slowly but surely. Since Mecca often had visitors, the elders feared that the new faith might quickly spread if strangers started accepting it, so they had to hatch a intention to stop the spread. They continue to defend the ir religion but offered little new to the challenge Islam brought to them. Abu Lahab (Muhammads uncle) and Abu Sufyan pull to spoilher eloquent poets from the tribes and started a propaganda war.The poets coined choice phrases and recited well-crafted verses to ridicule Muhammad and call into doubt the veracity of his beliefs. Muslim converts with poetic achievement began to construct rebuttals and soon there were dueling poets all over the city. People began approaching the once highly respect Muhammad in the streets shoving and enquire him to perform miracles (predict market prices, turn mountains into gold, make angels appear, and etc.) like the earlier prophets did. Many Quran verses came down to him to answer the many challenges he faced and those that question the authenticity of the Quran. Muhammad frequently reminded them that he was just a mortal man and the Quran was his miracle. Another thing that puzzled the opponents was that Muhammad was not a poet, and his sudden eloquence and redundancy was inexplicable. The Meccans admitted to the fact that Quranic verses were nice to take heed to and its contents were impassioned and appealing.Some clan elders began sitting outside Muhammads window at night to hear him reciting his beautiful verses. They enjoyed the verses and knew that those verses could not have come from even the better(p) poet let alone an illiterate man. This continued until they shamed each other into stopping because that will spurious they are encouraging Muhammad and admitting that he was on the right highway. (Emerick Yahiya) He continued (Quran 7194-198) speaking against asking idols for help even though the idols could not see, hear, speak, or protect themselves. These Quranic verses made idol worship assist foolish. These assertions did not settle well with the Quraysh, so they approached Abu Talib ( passing of the Banu Hasim) and asked him to stop Muhammad or relinquish his protection of him so they could take care of him because he attacks their religion which was Abu Talibs too. Abu Talib knew that to take care of him meant they wanted kill Muhammad.Remembering the cartel he made to his father to protect Muhammad he politely told the clan elders that he would continue to buy the farm his clans protection to Muhammad. Muhammad was preaching that slaves were equal to their masters at a time when thrall was at its height in Arabia. This alarmed the Quraysh leaders which prompted them to reason with Abu Talib for the second time, they took along an able-bodied young man (Umarah) to be Abu Talibs adopted son in exchange for Muhammad. Abu Talib strongly rejected the offer. stave Muhammad continued his preaching and people continue converting to Islam. (Emerick Yahiya) The Quraysh elders tried a third time to reason with Abu Talib only this with an ultimatum and that was Stop Muhammad or we will fight him and you.Abu Talib did not want to cause trouble for his clan, called Muhammad to a private me eting and said to him Save me and save yourself. Muhammad politely responded his uncle by adage Uncle by Allah, if they put the sunlight in my right hand and the moon in my left and ordered me to give up this cause, I would never do it until either Allah has vindicated me or I perish in the attempt. When the response was conveyed to the clan leaders, they ordered redoubling of efforts to persecute Muslims. Abu Talib assured him of his unflinching support no matter what he preached and called the Banu Hashim and Banu Abdul Muttalib clans to swear to an anathema to protect Muhammad.The Quraysh then sent Utbah, a conciliatory Arab leader to Muhammad asking him to stop preaching his religion or at least make accommodation for idol worshipping, then the Meccans would compensate him whatever he wished. Muhammad recited Chapter 32 of the Quran, which outlines the truth of monotheism, Allahs purpose for creation, and the way He chooses prophets to convey His message of salvation. Utbah w as enticed that Muhammad was not crazy and that he should be left alone. Persecution of Muslims then increased to an alarming rate. Muslims were tortured, starved, left to die in hot desert sands, and even murdered.MIGRATION to MEDINA (HIJRA)Due to the persistent persecutions from the people of Mecca, Muhammad accepted the invitation from Yathrib (modern day Medina) to be the head of the city and arbitrator for the warring factions. He could also have freedom to practice and preach about his faith. He migrated to in the year 622 c.e. with his family and some followers. When he was leaving his house Muhammad recited (Quran 369) We have cover them so they cannot see, he slipped out passing unnoticed by the men assigned to kill him. He left his cousin Ali to intermission in his house. Upon arrival at Yathrib, he and his companions were welcomed with loud cry of please a chorus of girls sang a welcome song for them. From that day Yathrib was renamed Medina (city of the prophet). The migration is known as Hijra which also marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar. (CARM) Islam started gro fly rapidly as a dominant political force in Medina and Muhammad assumed the role of a de facto head of state.Both men and women (including but not exceptional to Safiya bint Abdul Muttalib, Asma bint Abu Bakr, and Fatima bint Muhammad) played important roles as activists and teachers to make a planetary houseland for Islamic monotheism a reality. Many women began to sprucely support the new movement, for Islam presented a immense leap forward in both womens rights and status. Islam was now going through radical changes. The changes included opposition to idolatry, improving somebodyal morality, establishing personal relationship with God, and regulations for humanity and social life. The Quran laid new rules for the conduct of business and commerce, the compulsory 2.5% welfare tax (Zakat) from annual savings to be given for the benefit of the poor and needy. Fasting (a bstinence from worldly pleasure during daylight) in the month of Ramadan was established.The five daily prayers were now held in congregation in the mosque. (Mission Islam) With the arrival of Sawdah and marriage to Aisha, Muhammad started to establish a abiding household in Medina. Sawdah was a widow of ********* and one of the early converts to Islam. She got married to Muhammad after the demise of Khadija. She was said to be a very kind and humorous woman. Aisha may have been twelve years or so at the time. She lived in her own apartment by the mosque and spent her leisure entertaining visitors and paseo the streets of Medina. Aisha was a quick learner and soon became a sought-after teacher on Islamic issues as the years progressed. Sawdah also had her own apartment and did not encroach upon Aishas domain. She took the inexperienced Aisha under her wing and guided her in her role as a wife. (Inter-Islam)WARS against DISBELIEVERSMuhammad and his followers fought many wars agains t Islams foes from Mecca, Jews and the tribes. The first of the great wars was the Battle of Badr. The Muslims were outnumbered by Meccans almost three to one. The Meccan army was headed by Abu Jahl a staunch antagonist of Islam and the person of Muhammad. The Meccans lost their camp and its wealth and supplies, and about fifty men including Abu Jahl and many other leaders who died in the war. The Muslims took about cardinal Meccans prisoner. The Muslims had fourteen casualties. Muhammad announced that Allahs help allowed them to win (Quran 89 and 817). While the Muslims continued to celebrate their win in Medina, the Meccans were humiliated by the Battle of Badr at home and wanted to revenge. This will mean a change of events for the Muslims (Quran 3140) If a wound hath touched you, be sure a similar wound hath touched the others. Such days (of varying fortunes) We give to men and men by turns that Allah may know those that believe, and that He may take to Himself from your ranks Martyr-witnesses (to Truth).And Allah loveth not those that do price. This leads to the Battle of Uhud. The Meccans used the proceeds from Abu Sufyans great caravan to procure weapons for next campaign against Muslims. They had three thousand well-armed fighters divided into three massive columns. The womens group was led by Hind, Abu Sufyans wife who vowed not to mourn the deaths of her father, brother and uncles, and also promised not to sleep with her husband until she had her vengeance against the Muslims. Abu Sufyan trying to convince his wife of his own bravery also promised not to bathe until he discomfited Muhammad. Many women persistent to come along to encourage their husbands and fathers and watch the battle. Hind, Abu Sufyans wife stated We will indeed keep up the army and no one can stand in our way or force us back into our homes, if the women were present at the Day of Badr soldiers running away would not have happened.At the head of each Meccan regiment were men who wanted to see Muhammad dead. Among them were Khalid ibn al-Walid famous Meccan cavalry general who wanted glorification and accolades. Abu Sufyan and his brother-in-law Ikhrimah, the son of Abu Jahl were seeking blood to fight for glory. The women made it clear that if their men struck down the enemy they would be embraced and w0uld spread rugs for them. If you turn your backs we will avoid you and we will never come back to sleep with you. (pbs.org) The Prophet instructed fifty archers to protect the Muslims backs and not to move from their posts until they saw the Muslims entering the enemy camp, if the Muslims were being beaten(a) they should still stay at their posts and avoid trying to help so that the enemy could not come behind them.However, the archers left their posts allowing the enemy the chance to get behind them which caused the Muslims to be overwhelmed by the much larger enemy (Quran 827-28) O you who have believed, do not bring out Allah and the Messenger or be tray your trusts while you know the consequence. But when he came to it, he was called, Blessed is whoever is at the fire and whoever is around it. And elevated is Allah, Lord of the worlds. The Prophet himself got struck by a thrown rock that knocked one of his teeth off and he fell to the ground. He was quickly surrounded by Muslims to protect him from the charging Meccans. The Prophet tried to get up but fell into a pit, Ali and another man lifted him out of the pit. The Muslims suffered about seventy casualties and many others were severely wounded, and the Meccans lost hundreds. However, the Muslims admitted defeat because of high number of casualties and wounded including the prophet with regard to the size of their army.The Meccan women led by Hind enraged by their near defeat began to mutilate and deface the locomote Muslims. They cut off noses and ears and made them ornaments or necklaces moving over dead bodies like ghouls. Hind open up Hamzas dead body, ripped open hi s chest and chewed on his liver, fulfilling her vow. Hamza was Muhammads uncle and the one who killed Abu Jahl, the father of Hind. Hamza was killed by a slave whom Hind promised to set free if he killed Hamza. (Emerick Yahiya) After the battle of Uhud the Muslims position in Medina was rickety and the hypocrites capitalized on this situation to strengthen their position. Most of the tribes were now emboldened since they realize that the Muslims were not invincible. Many times, Muslims who were sent on missions got massacred and this brought about a lot of sadness among surviving compatriots. Muhammad explained the change in their fortunes as Gods way of testing their resolve and sincerity. (Quran 2155-156).The Jews who had signed treaties with the Prophet broke the terms of the treaties and they were exiled from Medina. The Jews incited other tribes and Mecca to go to war with Muslims to wipe out Islam. The tribes and Meccans made up an army of about ten thousand fighters to attac k the Muslims. The Prophet and other Muslims dug a trench at the south entrance of the city to protect Medina from the menacingly large army attack, since the other side was Mount Uhud and the back was the Jewish fortresses.The army arrived but could not enter the city of Medina so they laid siege for three weeks. This was called the siege of Medina or Battle of the Trench. This was a difficult time for Muslims because their food supply was running out and their Jewish neighbors (Banu Qurayza) had cut the food supply. However, after about three weeks in the cold desert nights the army started feeling weary. One night a raging winter storm befell the army, and the weather was so harsh that they decided to leave. (Emerick Yahiya) mastery of MECCA and PASSING of the PROPHETDespite all the troubles Muslims faced, Islam was steadily growing. In the year 628 c.e the Muslims and the Quraysh signed the treaty of Hudaybiyah, and the Muslims defeated the Jews at the battle of Khaybar. In the year 629 Muhammad led a lesser pilgrimage to Mecca and Khalid ibn Walid born-again to Islam. In the year 630 c.e the prophet marched unto Mecca with over ten thousand followers. They faced very little resistance from the Meccans. The prophet and the Muslims destroyed and removed all the idols that filled al Kaaba and established prayers in the place. Abu Sufyan the last strongest Quraysh leader converted to Islam. (Emerick Yahiya) In the year 632 c.e the prophet went to Mecca with over one hundred thousand followers to perform part pilgrimage (hajj). This was to be his last hajj and this was where gave the farewell sermon (address), which reads O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I dont know whether, after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again.Therefore listen to what I am saying to you carefully and TAKE THIS WORDS TO THOSE WHO COULD NOT BE PRESENT HERE TODAY. O People, just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your LORD, and that HE will indeed insure your deeds. ALLAH has forbidden you to take usury (Interest), therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived watch out of Satan, for your safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things. O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have right over you. If they hurt by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness.Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to commit adultery. O People, listen to me in earnest, worship ALLAH, say your five daily prayers (Salah), fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to. You know that every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim. YOU atomic number 18 ALL EQUAL. NOBODY HAS SUPERIORITY OVER OTHER EXCEPT BY PIETY AND GOOD ACTION. Remember, one day you will appear before ALLAH and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not astray from the path of righteousness after I am gone. O People, NO PROPHET OR APOSTLE WILL get by AFTER ME AND NO NEW FAITH WILL BE BORN.Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand my words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the QURAN and my example, the SUNNAH and if you follow these you will never go astray. All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. BE MY WITNESS O ALLAH THAT I HAVE CONVEYED YOUR pass TO YOUR PEOPLE. After the prophet concluded hi s final sermons the following quranic (ayat) verse was revealed to him (Quran 53) This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My Grace upon you, and have chosen Islam for you as your religion. Muhammad died in the year 632 c.e. after a short illness two years after he conquered Mecca and destroyed the idols in al-Kaaba. He was buried at Medina in the Mosque (Masjid Nabawi).There is no forcing anyone into this way of life. Truth stands clear in the from fracture (Quran 2256)SourcesGelvin James L, (2011) The Modern Middle East- A History, Oxford University Press, New York Emerick Yahiya, (2002) The Life and Work of Muhammad, Alpha Books, capital of Indiana Britannica Online Encyclopaedia- Muhammad (The Prophet of Islam). Retrieved on September 23, 2012 www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad PBS-islam Empire of Faith-Profiles-Muhammad. Retrieved on September 25, 2012 www.pbs.org/empires/islam/profilesMuhammad.html Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry (CARM). Retrieved on September 30, 2012 http//www.carm.org/muhammad Inter-Islam Home. Retrieved on October 12, 2012 www.inter-islam.org/Biographies Mission Islam. Retrieved on October 15, 2012 www.missionislam.com/knowledge/zakat.htm

Ghandi Case Essay Example for Free

Ghandi Case EssayGhandi was cool and liked moulds one time he was chilling with his frame foo foo ba mo mo and it totally attacked his foot and he was like ow that hurt bad stack and he smacked his cat but then he felt really bad so he ran fast to the gas station that also sold cat toys and other various pet items and bought him a lovley cat toy do of the finest lace and cat nip.Well after that the cat was very contented and danced around to thriller by micheal jackson becuase he was a little stoned after all that cat nip so he chilled for a while but then he really had the muchies and was graving greaser cost, NOT TIME, taco time is over priced and not scour that good, anyways he got his reallly cool motor ice yacht and hauled ass to america becuase india is so cheap to have anything as awesome as taco bell and he got a job doing tricks to earn the money he needed and after that he made it to america and ate a nachoes supreme and was super stoked but totally had the worst c otten mouth so he was in a mad dash to find the nearest seven eleven becuase they had this impudently flavor of slushie that sounded really dank at the time it was like watermelon or somehting i dont even know but after a while of catting around he located one and went in and had like two dollars so he had to buy a small

American History Essay Example for Free

Ameri derriere History EssayThe American Revolution posed to be an important event for both(prenominal) African Americans and women. For women, the impact of this event solidified their role and place in society (Courtney, 1999). These women made Americans understand their deduction and worth in different aspects. On the other hand, for African Americans, this event started the process of change in terms of equality and the prevalent system of slavery.It is in this light such impact paved the port as a stepping stone towards gaining freedom and independence from their masters (Hooker, 1996). Comparing the two scenarios (women and African Americans), it can be argued that these two groups share the same principles each one fights for. The only difference in this is the port wherein they are applied or the conditions that needs to be addressed. Looking at it, both parties attempt to die a renewed interest for (1) freedom, (2) equality, and (3) rights.However, in terms of app lication, we can see that African Americans clamor for this to extirpate the system of prejudice and hate brought about by slavery and apartheid. On the other hand, women continue to seek these principles for their desires to be equally associated with men in both rights and responsibilities. Despite these efforts, Americans continue to hinder participation for both African Americans and women. For women, suffrage was still maintained for men (Courtney, 1999).At the same time, jobs and responsibilities continue to be categorized accordingly with little or minimal changes. On the part of African Americans, apartheid and slavery continues to exist in some states. Likewise, prejudice and racial hate continues to be present especially among Southern states wherein some African American slaves were subjected (Hooker, 1996). The leaders in turn justified these actions as a result of adjustment and convert process wherein leaders and members of society have to adhere to these new set of standards and norms.At the same time, it was give out off this way because some groups continue to pursue previous rules and principles since they are not subjected to such actions. Lastly, this end opens up opportunities for change wherein it may prove to be difficult to handle for some leaders. It is through these countless of reasons that many American leaders tried to limit down the application of the commitment towards equality.

The Lymphatic System Essay Example for Free

The lymphatic System EssayA. What was the intention of doing this exercise? The purpose of this exercise was to learn about the lymphatic trunk and its components. We learned about lymph, structure and function of lymph nodes, T-Cells, B-Cells, and Macrophages, and differentiating in the midst of antigens and antibodies.Exercise 1 Microscopic Anatomy of Lymphatic StructuresA. discipline of Reticular Connective Tissue sloping trough (Lymph Node). Describe the structures you sight on the slide.B. Sketch of Spleen Slide Describe the structures you observed on the slide.C. Sketch of Tonsil Slide Describe the structures you observed on the slide.D. Sketch of Thymus Slide Describe the structures you observed on the slide.Exercise 2 Immunity and the tolerant ResposeA. Describe what happened to the red and green food people of colour after 45 minutes. The food coloring spread passim some of the dish.B. Which sera was an antigen in section 2 of the dish? Describe what you observed in section 2 of the dish. subsequently 3 days, there was no visible line of precipitation evident and therefore the result is inconclusive.C. Which sera was the antigen in the unknown sample apply in section 3 of the dish? Describe what you observed in section 3 of the dish.After 3 days, there was no visible line of precipitation evident and therefore the result is inconclusive. feeling of the Agar Plate After 3 DaysQuestions Exercise 1 Microscopic Anatomy of Lymphatic StructuresA. How are lymph, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes related? Lymph, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes are all part of the lymphatic system. Lymph vessels carry lymph throughout the tree trunk. Throughout the vessles are lymph nodes which fight infection.B. What are the two major(ip) functions of the lymph nodes? They clean and filter lymph before it goes backbone to the blood. They produce antibodies and lymphocytes.C. What are the two functions of the spleen? It nurtures the body and helps to produce and store blood cells.D. What is the function of the tonsils? They protect the body from harmful germs.E. What are the structural similarities found in lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils? They all have a capsule and are rounded organs with an internal parenchyma of lymphoid cells.Exercise 2 Immunity and the Immune ResponseA. Explain what is meant by stock as a characteristic of the immune response. When the body comes in contact with a harmful antigen, it has a primary response, which remembers the antigen by creating memory cells. By the secondary response, the memory cells will counteract the antigen.B. How does our immune response distinguish between our own cells and foreign invaders? A major histocompatibility complex is at the surface of each cell in our body. It is what recognizes if something is foreign or not, and lets the immune system know. B. What are lymphocytes and where are they produced? Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that protect the body from infection. They are produced in the bone marrow.C. Distinguish between an antigen and an antibody. An antigen is a foreign somatic that enters the body, and an antibody is what recognizes the foreign material and helps fight it.

Prepositional Phrases Essay Example for Free

Prepositional Phrases endeavorOnce, there was a little girl named Matilda. Her father worked for an organization concerned with the health of the people, so Matilda was use to traveling completely across the city, and all over the world. At age seven, she demonstrated the abilities of an eighteen form old. Being exposed to the kind of work his father had, Matilda had always been filled with concern for those in need. As Matilda was walking home, she was interrupted by a citizen, who looked familiar to her. She realized that it was her old neighbor, Mrs. Paterson, who left their street third years ago. Matilda remembered her to be a genuinely pretty lady who loved to dish other people. Her family was rich, barely she opted to live a very simple lifestyle. Unlike before, Mrs. Paterson looked differenther clothes were shabby, her hair was chaotic, and her beautiful smell was covered with dirt.Matilda was surprised with what she had seen, and asked Mrs. Paterson about it. So on, Matilda learned that Mrs. Patersons husband had a gambling problem, causing them to lose all of their wealth. Mrs. Paterson broke into tears telling her that their only daughter, Morgan, who was only three years old, was diagnosed with a rare colored disease that could actually take her life. She had to undergo a new treatment and surgery that was costly for her parents. Without hesitation, Matilda volunteered to help in order to give Morgan the treatment she needed. She had flyers distributed and posted around the park, and in the different areas in the city. Matilda was very much determined, with her friends doing much of the postings. Unsatisfied with the results, Matilda wrote to the mayor of their city to ask for assistance. The mayor was touched with Matildas kindness, and her story was cognise by everyone. It was even published in the newspaper, drawing much attention from the whole world. In the end, Matilda was fitting to raise cash for Morgans sensitive operation t hat practically saved her life. Mr. Mrs. Paterson were able to start anew with the money that Matilda had given them. Matilda, on the other hand, was filled with happiness and content for the good deed that she has done. The mayor, and the town, were deeply alter with the kindness that the little girl offered, giving Matilda her own Matilda Day, falling on her birthday. All is well.

A Designer Profile Essay Example for Free

A precedent Profile EssayErin Healy from Florida is the new Queen in the Fashion Industry. She is the champion of the highly coveted Top- worldwide-Upcoming- reason award. This happened in her latest delegatecase of designs known as by her name. The designs argon stylish and lease magnificent satisfyments. They are sparkling, classic and worn easily which explains the reason of their preference by most celebrities. A good event of celebrity clientele is Whitney Thompson Americas Top Model winner. The fact that Erin has three kids does not disapprove her from pursuing her lifetime dream. She is indeed a rising star and a new amazing genius of style. Her pieces are lustrous and modish which explains their popularity. Her latest collection is composed of cool flirty minuscule dresses decorated by fine hairs and fasten flowers. Healy also integrated elegant tops without straps and camisoles corresponding with shorts as well as coats. She really borrowed from nature by using c olors of natural features, a bunch of distant silk featuring animal stamps and textures.Source http//www. examiner.om/x-6350-Miami-Fashion-Trends-Examinersy2010m4d5- Emerging-Designer-Erin-Heasley-winner-of-the-Best-International-Emerging-Designer- of-the-Year The above illustrations are an assortment of a few of Erin Healy Designs in a showcase. Her designs have gained popularity after she scooped the award. According to the upcoming condition, manner is the gorgeous art that expresses a character and vigor of a person through dressing. She described Miamis fashion as thrilling. It is full of style, a fit for everyone and it is fashion frontward.She discovered her talent in fashion design while she was still in secondary school. She started by designing own dresses and for friends. Her style descends from a lady with a passion of refined and stylish look. Her preferred models that she enjoys working with locally include Jordan Healy her daughter and Erins friend Lauren Rossi bo th in Jacksonville. In Miami is Jesika Marcano. Responding to a question on design process, Erin says that is no distinct process. It usually advances from a simple idea that comes to the designer in strange ways like dreams.Immediately an idea comes, she sketches out before she even explores the model option. In other cases the type of fabric generates the design. Her favorite designers include ad Ghandour, L. A. M. B, Coco Chanel and Eduardo de las Casas. Her designs are procurable at a private showroom Gallery in the Artistree and to her what matters most the confidence on the women that break up her design. The choice of Miami to showcase her design is out of love and passion for the place. She loves the residents, the culture and style.That is why she participated in the Miami International Fashion Week emerging winner challenge and made it to the three top finalists. Miami has helped her to develop her career in a very special way for it is here that her designs came to th e limelight. The preparation of a fashion show according to the top designer involves some simple steps. First, develop the story, choose a photographer and conclude on the location. Secondly, decide on the make up designers and hair style experts, and prepare a promotion of models as well as casting.Thirdly, she will plan a decent and collaborate with other experts to accomplish the glance. Finally is to toil with a renowned DJ and fashion show expert to prepare a fun filled and memorable event full of classy and elegant features.Works Cited Gelhar, Mary. The Fashion Designer Survival Guide. New York Kaplan Publishing, 2008. Henry, Christine. Emerging Designer Erin Heasley. Miami Fashion. Retrieved on July 23, 2010 from http//www. examiner. com/x-6350-Miami-Fashion-Trends-Examinersy2010m4d5- Emerging-Designer-Erin-Heasley-winner-of-the-Best-International-Emerging-Designer- of-the-Year.

My Personal Ethics and What They Mean to Me Essay Example for Free

My Personal Ethics and What They Mean to Me EssayEveryone has their get person-to-person moral philosophy, for me this symbolizes being honest to my self in everything I do. I use my personal ethics to help in making choices that affect every aspect of my life. Personal ethics for me mean that I choose to be who I am and dont let differents effect the modality I think or be put one across. Ethics are what makes us who we are and how we react to situations. In shallow it is important to have personal ethics, this helps us to be honest, uphold the academic integrity, and be able to ensue the rules that are set for us. When at work, home or while dealing with others your personal ethics stupefy into play.People dont even realize that they use these every day to make choices that depart affect them. I always think before I say something and how it will affect the other person. There are some who do not do this however, and for them their personal ethics are different. I fin d it hard to understand those who do not have the same kind of personal ethics as myself. I experience the reason why others do not think as I do, but it is hard to understand when someone is mean or dishonest and thinks nothing of it. I have always tried to be an honest and caring person.I take care of others and I am responsible for a lot of their personal items. I have to deal with small amounts of their money, cell phones, clothing, and jewelry every day. Without my ethics I would think nothing of taking things that didnt belong to me. I know that I have had coworkers who have done this and I hate that it happened. They of course are no long- livelyd working here. It amazes me that people have bad personal ethics that they can even think almost doing something to someone who has been placed in their care. I will as long as I live use my personal ethics to make me a better person to all I fall down in contact with.

Road to IELTS General Training Essay Example for Free

Road to IELTS General Training EssayA guide for effective letter report an article giving advice for Job interviews committal to writing (1) Writing (2) hold exercises for letters giving advice put on exercises for compositions discussing arguments for and against oral presentation goggle box clips and practice exercises for lambasteing nearly a topic in set slightly 2 of the blather Unit 3 Travel, tourism transport Words Phrases to talk intimately traffic-related problems and solutions words and some a tribe of Native Americans Page 1 www. uncloudednessEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Reading A brochure about the quickest way to get from Heathrow Airport to central London an article about backpacking Writing (1) Practice exercises for letters asking for information Writing (2) Practice exercises for compositions giving an opinion speechmaking Video clips and practice exercises for taking part in a discussion in take leave 3 of the address camp aignUnit 4 Environment Words Words and phrases to talk about environmental problems and geographic features audience A conversation about adopting a zoo animal a lecture about the structure of the Earth Reading An article about making plastic an article about a danger to a variety of birds Writing (1) Writing (2) Practice exercises for writing letters of complaint Practice exercises for compositions discussing the causes of a problem and suggesting solutions verbalize Video clips and practice exercises for answering general questions about yourself in Part 1 of the verbalise Test Unit 5 Art culture Words Words and phrases to talk about art, cinema, arena and national treasures Listening A telephone conversation about booking theatre tickets a lecture on the history of British cinema Reading A catalogue from a book store an article discussing tourist information for Bath, in southwest England Writing (1) Writing (2) Practice exercises for letters giving information Practice exer cises for compositions exercises for talking about a topic in Part 2 of the Speaking Test Page 2 www. ClarityEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Unit 6 bunch MediaWords Words and phrases to talk about television, newspapers and Jobs in the media Listening A talk given by a guide to visitors to a media museum a conversation about news consumption Reading A brochure about SummerSkill Sydney an article about the press Writing (1) Practice exercises for writing letters axiom thank you Writing (2) Practice exercises for compositions discussing arguments for and against Speaking Video clips and practice exercises for taking part in a discussion in Part 3 of the Speaking Test Words Words and phrases to talk about medical conditions and symptoms diet- elated vocabulary words to talk about the causes, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases Listening A talk about keeping healthy in winter a conversation about insects and human diseases Reading An article about keeping your teeth healthy an article about food and health myths Writing (1) Writing (2) Practice exercises for letters of apology Practice exercises for compositions giving an opinion Speaking Video clips and practice exercises for answering general questions about yourself in Part 3 of the Speaking Test Unit 8 Work business Words Verbs we use at work and words and phrases to talk about a variety of work- related issues Listening A talk about writing a CY, a conversation about changes in womens employment Reading A brochure about working(a) at a funfair an article about the first ball Page 3 www. ClarityEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Writing (1) Writing (2) Practice exercises for letters of application Practice exercises for compositions discussing the causes of a problem and suggesting solutions Speaking Video clips and practice exercises for talking about a topic in Part 2 of the Speaking Test Unit 9 Society amicable issuesWords Words and phrases to ta lk about social issues and crime and punishment Listening A telephone conversation between a student and a campus security officer about a burglary a lecture about old age and union Reading An article about Neighbourhood Watch schemes an article about changes in life foreboding Writing (1) Writing (2) Speaking Revision exercises for Writing Task 1 Revision exercises

Definition And Types Of Social Capital

Definition And Types Of friendly CapitalSocial keen is the the blend of the actual or potential resources which atomic number 18 linked to possession of a durable network of to a greater extent(prenominal) or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition (Bourdieu 1983 249). Social smashing is defined by its function. It is not a single entity, but a variety of different entities, having two characteristics in ordinary they all consist of some aspect of a friendly structure, and they despatch certain actions of individuals who are within the structure (Coleman 1994 302).Whereas physical bully refers to physical objects and human capital refers to the properties of individuals, social capital refers to connections among individuals social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them. In that sense social capital is closely related to what some pass called civic virtue. The difference is that social capital c alls attention to the fact that civic virtue is most omnipotent when embedded in a sense network of reciprocal social relations. A society of many virtuous but isolated individuals is not necessarily rich in social capital (Putnam 2000 19).Social capital refers to the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a societys social interactions Social capital is not yet the sum of the institutions which underpin a society it is the glue that holds them together (The World Bank 1999). gibe to washstand Field, the important of social capital is that relationship matters. It helps mountain to commit themselves to people in the fellowship. It eventually becomes a shared set of values, virtues and expectation within society as a whole. However, Robert Putman (1993 2000) is the person who launched social capital which focused on research and policy discussions. The World Bank also chose social capital as a useful organising idea. They argue that incre asing evidence shows that social cohesion is critical for societies to prosper economically and for development to be sustainable (The World Bank 1999). In this piece we explore the idea of social capital and the contribution by voluntary clubs to social capital.Types of Social CapitalThere are three types of social capital stick social capital, bridging social capital and linking social capital.Bonding social capital refers to the links between like-minded people, or the reinforcement of homogeneity. (Schuller, Baron, Field, 2000) Bonding Social Capital indicates ties between people in similar situation. It can be your neighbours, friends or even family. (Woolcock 2001 13-4).Bridging social capital can be referred as building of connections between heterogeneous groups, which are likely to be more than fragile, but more likely also to foster social inclusion. (Schuller, Baron, Field, 2000) Bridging social capital covers distant ties of like persons, such as workmates and fast friends. (Woolcock 2001 13-4)Linking social capital, which reaches come to the fore to unlike people in dissimilar situations, such as those who are entirely outside of the community, thus enabling members to leverage a far wider range of resources than are addressable in the community. (Woolcock 2001 13-4)The discussion of social capital is credited to three main theorists namely Pierre Bourdieu, crowd together Coleman and Robert Putnam. Bourdieu stated that there are three kind of capitals, but for this paper we only look at Social Capital. Bourdieu provides a concise definition of social capital by stating social capital is the integrality of the actual or potential resource which is linked to the possession of a durable network of more of less institutionalised relationships of mutual acquaintance or recognition (p. 249). Field and Wynne said that people recover other forms of capital done social capital. In sporting circumstances, Bourdieu gives an example of golf clubs where individuals network to facilitate business, a social practice that is not available to all members of a community given the single(a) nature of many golf clubs (Field, 2003 Wynne, 1999).According to Coleman, social capital is not a single body. It is a structure which facilitates certain action, which has positive outcome otherwise it would not score been possible. Coleman, through his research, found out that the level of school drop-out rate had reduced due to parental investment and family social capital. Coleman, in this circumstance defines social capital as a set of resources that are available in family relation which is crucial for social development of the child. These resources differ from person to person and an advantage to children to develop their human capital. (Coleman, 1994, cited in Coalter, 2007, p. 541)According to Putman, social capital is not just a public good but is for the public good. Putnam states that, bonding social capital are when people of t he same community, with similar values associate together to succeed shared goals. They tend to reinforce restricted identities and are homogenous group. Putman also says that this kind of association have some negative points as they tend to close outsiders. Exclusion of outsiders here means that a football club will have a tendency to include supporters and players from a same background. They would try to exclude those who are not from the same background. On the other hand bridging social capital is heterogeneous in nature. Heterogeneity of social connections promotes linkage with different type of people.Bridging social capital however, has the potential to forge connections. throng with same as well as from different background can connect within the community or outside the community (Narayan Cassidy, 2001). We can thus see that people who are connected through bridging social capital have a wider range of associates. They also got more opportunities. Therefore Bridging s ocial capital is very important to enhance social inclusion and to develop communitys ability.Sports Volunteers The Real Active Citizens?Sports Clubs are life history for the expression of active citizenship through volunteering. Volunteers are more important than any other thing in a club or a sporting organization (Nichols, et al., 2004). Clubs provide an opportunity which helps the community by contributing to social capital through social interaction (Coalter, 2007 Long, 2008 Weed et al., 2005). The volunteers share their values, a materialisation of the society where their expressions of collective values are encouraged, which is a positive contribution towards society.As Coalter (2007) points out the fall into place and contested nature of social capital is central to the social regeneration/social inclusion schedule (p. 159). The volunteers have a potential contribution to rebuild the social capital. Sport England (1999, p8) stresses volunteering as activity which is fund amental to the development of democratic society. It helps in contributing towards their public life and develops their communities. Consequently such policies are as much concerned with the instrumental use of sport for purposes of community development as they are in simply developing sport in the community (Coalter and Allison, 1996).The key policy message here is that the potentially positive benefits of sport are not only to be obtained via participation involvement in the disposal and provision of opportunities for sport and physical recreation can assist in the development of self-esteem and a series of transferable skills a view of volunteering as active citizenship.