Joint Venture in China Essay

IN CHINA INTRODUCTION XYZ Limited deals in the manufacture and sale of various food products as well as other home products. Owing to sound management practices the company has made a breakthrough, manufacturing and selling a wide range of high quality products. Because it wants to capture a wide market, it has decided to enter into a joint venture in China. This has associated opportunities and threats. ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF THE OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE WITH THE VENTURE 1) SYNERGESTIC EFFECTS Obviously the joint venture option would result in synergy. The end result would be enhanced output since the two companies shall have pooled their resources together. These are machines and man power (expertise). The resultant production would surpass the individual production capacities of the two joint ventures. 2) WIDENED INTERNATIONAL MARKET The joint venture would enable XYZ to acquire additional markets for its products across the Asian countries. While operating alone, XYZ could only sell its products within Europe. But with the joint venture in China, and with a well co-ordinated marketing for their products, they are likely to capture a wider international market. 3) HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS Chinese enterprises are well known for their high quality products. This is owed to the possession of and continual innovation of new technologies and new ways of doing things. They also have enviable workforces who are renowned of their expertise in the manufacturing sector. The Chinese enterprises are companies which practice total quality management as their key strategies. This is a management technique that dwells in improving the needs of the customers. It also aims at ensuring that every member of the organization fully participates in the affairs of the organization. The joint venture enables all and sundry to recognize the fact that quality is inevitable as an ingredient to success. Total Quality Management leads to the generation of policies that are of high quality and also the effective dissemination of such policies to every member of the organization. 4) BUSINESS LOCATION The location of the joint venturer i. e. at the central of the globe would also be a very good opportunity for XYZ Company Limited. This would make the two companies operate from a central point with the advantage being that one of enhancing the marketability of their products. 5) PUBLIC EXPECTATION The public associates a joint venture as a step geared towards satisfying their needs more effectively. This is due to pooled resources including manpower. 6) DIVERSIFICATION The other opportunity inherent in the small enterprise’s joint venture in China is that of diversification. They would be able to produce a wide range of products owing to vast resources. 7) FINANCIAL BACKGROUND OF THE CHINA VENTURER The small enterprise (European) has the opportunity with entering into a joint venture with a financially sound Chinese enterprise. The effect of the financial soundness of the Chinese enterprise on the small European enterprise is that the joint venture as a whole will not suffer from financial constraints. With a strong financial background, they will be able to even open up new branches and initiate new viable projects. In the year ended 31st December 2006, the Chinese company made a profit $ 700 million after taxes. The venture is also likely to benefit the shareholders as the dividend per share is likely to increase. THREATS ASSOCIATED WITH THE VENTURE. 1) LOCAL LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE A problem will arise when formulating policies, implementing the policies and evaluation as a result of differential in languages. Whereas the staff and management of the small European Enterprise recognize the English language as the official spoken language, the Chinese company does not. The staff and management of the venture in China can only effectively communicate in Chinese. This would greatly hinder effective communication that is essential in decision – making and policy formulation. 2) DILUTION OF CONTROL. Shareholders of XYZ Limited would be faced with this threat of dilution of their control. After the joint venture exercise they may not continue enjoying some if not all of their powers and rights. This is as a result of the joining of the other shareholders of the Chinese venturer in the entity. 3) COMBATING COMPETITORS Competitors of both the European small enterprise and of the Chinese enterprise would definitely react to the intended joint venture of the two companies. And they would do everything to ensure that they have countered the stiff competition that is likely to come out of the venture. The rival companies would improve the quality of their products as well as improving on creativity and innovation. This will pose a great challenge / threat on the European country because they will have to work on improving on their products in addition to being more innovative to avert such competition from rival companies. GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION /LEGISLATIONS Government intervention can be a real threat to the joint venture. These can be in the form of ultimatums from either the European Union or from China itself. The legislations can also be in the form of changes in tax laws which may not favour the intended joint venture. 4) INADEQUATE EVALUATION OF THE CHINESE COMPANY The small European country has not evaluated the Chinese company to see if it is worth entering into a joint venture with it. Evaluation can be in the form of trend and industrial analysis, taking note on profitability trends, changes in turnover over the years, dividend payments, the company’s earning per share. They have not also evaluated the Chinese company on its level of activities using such activity ratios as stock turnover ratio to determine how the company changes finished goods to sales. Other relevant ratios would be creditor’s turnover, fixed assets turnover. The other very important evaluation that they have not carried out on the Chinese company is to establish how geared the company is. If the company is highly geared i. e. it has more of borrowed capital than owner’s capital in it capital structure it runs the risk of being insolvent any time which would ultimately affect the European Enterprise. The European enterprise has also not established the real reputation of the Chinese company in the capital market. They need to do this through an evaluation of its price earnings ration vis–a-vis that of other companies in the capital market who intend to invest in the company. ACCOUNTING PROBLEMS A serious problem is going to be encountered in the preparation of the final accounts as a result of the joint venture. The accounting staff of the European enterprise must change /adjust to the new approach of preparing their accounts. The accounts must be prepared in accordance with the international Accounting standards on the treatment of a joint venture. In a joint venture, every transaction is recorded on a 50- 50 basis. Even the minority interest on each of the company’s operation will be based n the stake of every venturer in the joint venture i. e. 50%. b) The International Environment of Business enables one to know the culture in the environment that the business is operating in. the idea of IEB here is to bring to the awareness of the companies, the cultural environment and how this will affect their business. Cultural factors like religion will greatly influence demand of products. As some products may be liked by other religious groups, they may be an abomination across other religious groupings. A wider international market can be an opportunity to XYZ Ltd but owing to IEM models which stipulate in changes in the political and social – economical changes of the Business Environment, the widened international market may not be a reality. Economically, the joint venture may be operating in a relatively high inflation economies which might stagnate profitability. There is also likely to be a change in the tax laws of the foreign country and XYZ Ltd will have to experience such changes. Other economic changes that the two companies would be influenced by IEB are economic growth and employment. Economic growth has an influence on the demand for products whereas employment influences the supply of labour. The International Environment of Business also focuses on the Technological environment. Technology is a question of inventions and new techniques in processes, tools and machines. According to the IEB models, technology is an important area that need not be overlooked as it enhances efficiency through a reduction of the production costs, selling and marketing costs as well as administration costs. The joint venture must also emphasize on technology if they have to conquer the opportunity of high quality production that will satisfy customer demands. Technology would also provide better services to their customers. The International Environment of Business again focuses on the need of businesses to practice business ethics within the environments they are operating. Ethics commands that the business entities employ fair advertising and marketing practices, adherence to the laws are regulations governing a certain foreign nation and the observance and maintenance of high standards of conduct and integrity. Much as the joint venture will be enjoying the centrality of their business location and a sound marketing network, they have to put into contemplation the essence of practicing ethics in their place of operation. In conclusion therefore, the management of both companies would have to review their opportunities as well as threats and establish how the International Environment of Business models /ideas would affect their business operations. References Brandenburger, A. M. and Nalebuff, B. J. (1995): The Right Game: – Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy†, Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp.57-71 Coyne, K. P. and Subramaniam, S. (1996): Bringing discipline to strategy, the McKinsey Quarterly, No. 4 Gordon, I. (1989): Beat the Competition: – How to Use Competitive Intelligence to Develop Winning Business Strategies: Oxford, Basil Blackwell Publishers Hunger, J. David & Wheelen, Thomas L. (2003): Essentials of Strategic Management. New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc Kotter, J. P. (1996): Leading Change: – London: Harvard Business School Press McGahan, A. (2004): How Industries Evolve: – Principles for Achieving and Sustaining. Superior Performance, Boston, Harvard Business School Press Menon, A. and Menon, A. (1997): Enviropreneurial marketing strategy: – the emergence of corporate environmentalism as marketing strategy: Journal of Marketing. Vol. 61, pg. 51 – 67 Porter, M. (1980): Competitive Strategy: New York, The Free Press. Porter, M. (1998): Competitive Advantage (with a new introduction): New York, The Free Press. Peteraf, A. (1993): The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage:-A Resource-Based View: in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, pp. 179-191.

Barangay Assenbly Minutes Essay

I. MINUTES OF THE BARANGAY ASSEMBLY Opening prayer was led by Purok President Charito Sombito. Thus, singing of Pambansang Awit was preceded. Punong Barangay Emelda J. Banguanga acknowledged the presence of P/Inps. Robert Dejucos of PS2, Lina Magbanua and party represented the City Mayor’s Office, Barangay 2m Scholars, ALS Learners, Purok Officials of 5 Puroks, concern citizens and Honorable Mona Dia Jardin. First presenter was Kagawad Noe M. Romero Sr., Chairman Committee on Peace and Order; he reported that from May to October 2012 the number of cases filed in the Barangay is 37 included the VAW-C cases. In drug related cases, about 15 persons apprehended from April to October 2012 based on the drug inventory receipt of property seized issued by the PDEA Operatives and CAIDSOTG. Barangay Kagawad Ramon E. Jamelo, Chairman Committee on Education and Infrastructure, reported that the Barangay has already had 27 Barangay Scholars enrolled at Bacolod City College which is a continuous program of the Barangay. 55 Preschoolers enrolled at the Barangay Day Care Center, about 50 out-of-school youth catered by the ALS program of the Barangay, and 10 scholars facilitated by the Barangay through the TESDA skill training program. He said that this program was designed to counter and eliminate one of the problems of the Barangay which is drugs. On the other hand, on the infrastructure and developmental projects, he enumerated some of the projects implemented such as the construction of footwalk at Purok Balinday and Purok Lampirong, declogging of drainage system at Purok Sigay, construction of artesian well at Purok Tahong, distribution of jetmatic pump (replacement) at 5 Puroks, and procurement of various electrical supplies distributed to 5 Puroks. Barangay Kagawad Ben Jake C. Barilla, Chairman Committee on Finance and Livelihood program reported the financial status of the Barangay from May to October 2012. See attached document for the financial report. And as for the livelihood program, he informed that about 35 indigent benefited the trisikad rent-to-own program of the Barangay. SK Chairman Lovely May O. Rile, Chairman Committee on Youth and Sports Development, reported the various activities implemented by the SK Council from April to October 2012. Some of them are the SK Socio-Cultural Presentation â€Å"Search for Miss SK 2012† which held last March 2012, SK Summer League 2012 last May 2012, Supported the Barangay Scholars for the payment of their tuition fees and ALS Program of the Barangay. SK Council also sponsors the procurement of t-shirt for the Senior Citizens of the Barangay during the celebration of the Barangay Day last March 2012. She also added that for the December activity, the SK Council planned to have an Inter-Purok Belen Making Contest and a Socio-Cultural Presentation â€Å"Search for Mr. SK 2012. Barangay Kagawad Victor D. Aliguin, Chairman Committee on Health, Sanitation and Social Services, reported his accomplishment report such as the conduct of bloodletting activity, nutrition month celebration, anti-rabies vaccination, procurement of medicines intended for indigent families, balik-MMR (9 mos. – 8 yrs.) (6 yrs – 14 yrs), garantisadong pambata (GP- 6 to 11 mos.) Vit.A (12 to 59 mos), distribution of micro-nutrients powder, weekly feeding program, brigada eskwela together with the Police Station 2 Personnel, anti-dengue campaign, pabasa sa nutrisyon program and attendance to various training seminars. Lastly Punong Barangay Emelda J. Banguanga reported some of the programs, projects and activities that had been delivered by the Barangay such as the effective implementation of Barangay Budget for 2012 which already reported by Kgd. Barilla, passage of Barangay Resolution approving the Annual Investment Plan of Barangay 2 for the year 2013, full support extended to the education program, livelihood program, health and social services program, infrastructure program and diversion program through socio-cultural activities, facilitated the 125 additional household targeted beneficiaries, procurement of various supplies and materials for Barangay.

Art and Culture Essay

Art and culture are two terms which can never be separated and are deeply interlinked. Art refers to the quality, creation, appearance, or realm, based on aesthetics of what is beautiful, appealing, or is completely out of the ordinary. Art has many facets like theatre, paintings, music and other kinds of visual and abstract art. It has been seen that different cultures have different kinds of art because art of a country always reflects its culture, traditions and norms. The thoughts, ideas, rules & routines and famous signs and symbols common among the people of an area are displayed through art. A particular culture develops gradually and if its components are embedded in a family, generation or several generation this culture becomes permanent and its language and traditions become an imperative part of the society. By language, one does not only mean verbal enunciation of people to communicate but it also means communication through music, poetry, architecture etc. These cultural representatives show both meaning and value of art creation and more deeply the reason and value for the civilization taking place at that time. Each kind of art is an expression; it is the expression of human beings who exist as a part of culture. Therefore, culture and art go side by side and cannot be deemed as completely different phenomena. American culture and art have an old bondage. Pop Art became popular extending from America to all over the world in 1950’s and 60’and instantly became a very popular and widely accepted image of a modern America. Pop Art incorporates hard edges and displays the real life style. Warhol who is considered to be the father of Pop Art created and popularized its concept; pop art is a representative of the cultural aspects of society and is also deemed as abstract expressionism (Mamiya, 1992). The signs, symbols and artifacts represented by Pop Art are based on true American culture rooting from history. Another example is the local cultural activities that take place in the form of theatre, musical shows and dance. The visitors from all over the world come to enjoy the cultural activities at different venues in New York and Chicago such as Dallas Museum of Art, M Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center and the Nasher Sculpture Center (Sherman, 2009). These activities are a true depiction of the American society and portray its traditions, values, norms and preferences in the form of art. References Mamiya, C. J. (1992). Pop art and consumer culture: American super market. CA: University of Texas Press Sherman, L. (2009). America’s Cultural Tourism Capitals. Retrived 21st March 2013 from: http://www.forbes.com/2009/08/20/america-culture-capitals-lifestyle-travel-arts.html

Ou are expected to select a company in one of the selected sectors Essay

Ou are expected to select a company in one of the selected sectors defined by the International Standard Industrial Classifica - Essay Example The company appeared on the public listings of Dubai Financial Market in 2005 under ARMX trade shares. Currently, Aramex Inc. employs more than twelve thousand workers across sixty countries with strong world-wide network (Aramex Inc, 2011). Service delivery enterprises are normally anchored on key assumption that management, information and communication technology are important aspects and ingredients which are very crucial for success to be realized. However, all employees are required to embrace the use of information technology since it forms crucial part of a qualified member within any supply chain. This ensures efficient monitoring and delivery of intended goods and services to consumers (Kotler and Keller, 2007). Service deliveries ensure that all members of the society are reached with the intended product or services at the right time. Such companies usually operate on a designed conceptual model taking into account economic, social and political forces that determine reso urce allocation and management within companies from every region. The leadership structure is another important aspect of the supply chain (Mentzer et al, 2001). Critical Analysis of Operations Transformation Process for Products/Services Supply chain of Aramex Inc can be described as the core of the company’s organization’s operational efficiency. ... Aramex Inc. combines use of technology in delivering internationally standardized services that avails comprehensive solutions to requirements within supply chain and logistics. The company enjoys the services of its largest logistics and transportation networks in the world hence providing cost-effective services within the supply chain (Aramex Inc, 2011). Aramex Inc. Partner with Zubair Corporation (Z-Corp) headquartered in Oman for the purposes of offering businesses with integrated services such as warehousing and distribution through every means including sea, air and ground transportation. Z-Corp also offers such services as freight forwarding and customs brokerage to wide range of industries such as telecommunications, military and Information Technology related companies. Aramex Inc. also acquired Berco Express (Pty) Ltd to assist in logistics and transportation issues within South Africa and other regions. The company has significant share of South Africa’s freight an d logistics market and has over fifteen operating branches within South Africa (Aramex Inc, 2011). Aramex’s transportation network covers wide region from Middle-East to United Kingdom through to Caribbean countries. Such land networks are utilized by trucks fitted with Modern GPS-tracking system and also advanced technology involving scheduled services and strategic locations for their various terminal offices (Aramex Inc, 2011). This creates a cost-effective service preferred by most companies as compared to shipping services. The company is involved in receiving shipments from defined points taking charge of all clearance procedures to the delivery points of the products. Aramex Inc is capable of providing different modes of transportation depending on customer requirements. Such means

Anorexia Nervosa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Anorexia Nervosa - Research Paper Example Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder portrayed by food restriction, rational fear of gaining body weight, and body self-perception distortion. Anorexia Nervosa typically involves loss of excess body weight and is mainly common in females than in males (Garrett, 2008). Because of fear of gaining more body weight, people with Anorexia Nervosa disorder restrict the type and amount of food they eat. This food intake restriction cause hormonal and metabolic disorders. Outside medical literature, people frequently use the term Anorexia and Nervosa interchangeably; nevertheless, Anorexia is a medical term that simply means lack of appetite, although, patient with such disorder do not, actually, lose their appetite (Fonagy, 2005). Patients with this disorder may experience headache, lack of energy, drowsiness, and dizziness. Anorexia Nervosa associates with inappropriate eating habits, losing body weight, obsession to have a slender body figure, and fear of increasing body weight mostly with females. Anorexia Nervosa often couples with self-image distortion, which is maintained by a range of cognitive biases that change how the patient evaluates and thinks about his or her body, food, and eating (Hoek, 2008). People suffering from Anorexia Nervosa often term themselves as â€Å"too fat† even when they are extremely underweight. They may perform repetitive measuring, weighing, mirror gazing, and other obsessive practices to be sure that they remain thin. This practice commonly refers to â€Å"body checking† (First & Tasman, 2011). ... Anorexia Nervosa is a serious mental disorder with a high Co morbidity incidence and higher mortality rates of psychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from Anorexia Nervosa have tremendously high ghrelin levels (hunger hormone that signals the physiological need for food). This ghrelin high level proposes that such individuals’ bodies are desperately trying to cause hunger to them; however, these individuals suppress, ignore, or override that hunger call (Neinstein & Neinstein, 2008). Nevertheless, a certain research found that ghrelin intravenous administration to the patients’ bodies’ increases intake of food by 12% to 36% during the trial period. Signs and symptoms Anorexia Nervosa Most individuals keep on struggling with how their body shape should be at a time, and it is generally for people to discuss about exercise and dieting. Anorexia Nervosa disorders are dangerous since they are not gym exercise attempts to lose weight (Lock & Le, 2013). Such diso rders are serious, and therefore, it is crucial to identify the symptoms for one to be able to support the affected ones to get the necessary help that they require. Discussed below are some of the signs and symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa (Sadock, Sadock & Sadock, 2008). Recent body weight changes- Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa disorder are normally underweight but may as well be overweight. Rapid and significant change in body weight can be an Anorexia Nervosa warning symptom. It is vital to understand that some individuals with this disorder also have normal weight (Petit & Adamec, 2005). Fear of body weight gain/ body image problems- People with Anorexia Nervosa disorder

Research Term Paper- Apple iPhone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Term Paper- Apple iPhone - Essay Example The company was publicly listed on the stock exchange in the year 1980 and is presently based in California USA (Datamonitor, 2006, p.6). Leadership One of the aspects that have catapulted Apple into the league of top global brands is perhaps the leadership of the organization. After suffering a setback in the later part of the 1990’s the visionary leadership of its CEO Steve Jobs helped turn the fortunes of the organization. The CEO’s statement of placing an Apple at every desktop and his policy of continuous innovation helped the company emerge as one of the most successful brands of the world. The visionary leadership has motivated the employees as well as ensured a proper diffusion of innovation across the entire organization that is perhaps the most critical success factor of the company. Economic aspects Affecting Product Economic factors like growth of economy and level of disposable income have a direct relationship with the demand of products like iPhones. High levels of disposable incomes imply greater demand for the product that is in turn again dependent on the state of economic growth. In addition to this business cycles also affect the sale of the product. However with the global economies on resurgent mode and a surge in demand for application based phones, there is a good prospect for iPhones. In addition to developed markets emerging markets like India and China also hold considerable importance for the success of the product. Financial Analysis Apple Inc is a publicly listed company whose stocks are listed and actively traded on the bourses of the NASDAQ. The latest stock price was 376.99 US dollars (Apple, 2011). The company reported a net income of approximately 14013 million dollars. The company recorded revenues of 100.32 billion US dollars with a gross margin of 39.82 percent. The net income of the company after meeting all direct as well as indirect expenses stood at 23.6 billion dollars that was way ahead of its competitor s namely Google or HP in the global market. The EPS value for its shares stood at 25.28 dollars that was marginally less than Google. The figure below depicts the financial standing of the company as well as a direct comparison with the most important competitors of the organization. Figure 1: Financials of Apple and Competitor Analysis (Source: Yahoo Finance, 2011) Marketing Environment The marketing environment of Apple Inc is governed by both internal as well as external factors. Internal factors include employees, work culture as well as organizational culture that have a significant impact on the business aspects of the organization. The visionary leadership of the CEO of the organization ensures that innovation that is the core culture of the organization is effectively diffused across the entire organization. External environmental aspects include macro environmental aspects including political, economic, sociological, technological as well as legal aspects that have a signif icant effect on the business prospects of the product in the tough and competitive global business environment. The aspect of innovation has increasingly helped the

Discussion Questions Week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion Questions Week 5 - Essay Example Thus, in order to evaluate whether the quality of the product (which is often equated with the chemical content, presentation, and packaging) is met, knowledge of the statistical concepts and their application is crucial. I must admit that without attending this class, I will remain ignorant of the use of statistics in addressing the concerns. Equipped with the knowledge and skill taught by my professor, I am confident to use the methods in ensuring that our meat processing plant will be successful in marketing high quality products by an everyday evaluation of whether quality goals are met. Regression analysis is a important statistical tool which is used to identify the relationship between variables. In conducting regression analysis, one needs to be aware of its basic principles and considerations. First, the sample from where the inference prediction is to be generated must be a representative of the population. It should be noted that this assumption is almost always a requirement for statistical tests. Secondly, the dependent variable is subject to error which is assumed to be a random variable having a standard distribution. On the other hand, the independent variable is error free and the predictors should be linearly correlated. In the meat processing plant where I work, regression analysis can be utilized in order for the management to know the relationship between the group of employees working for the meat processing plant and product quality. It should be noted that in my company there are two groups manning the 12-hour operation. Each of these groups takes 6 hours which is the amount of time needed for one batch of processing. Product of quality can be measured through the number of rejects and those which did not pass quality control. This regression analysis can point out if any of the group performs better and can help the management to reward and motivate

Green Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Green Energy - Essay Example The importance of green energy is piling as the climate change is posing a global threat and the world needs to find out cleaner options for producing energy. The green energy is a more expensive energy options the fossil fuels. Therefore it cannot compete with the fossil fuels. The developing countries are still sticking to the traditional sources of producing energy which is harmful for the generations to come. The examples of green energy are biomass, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal and wind. The total green house emitted by some individual, product or organizations is termed as carbon footprint. It is difficult to calculate the total amount of carbon footprint due to unavailability of data. Carbon accounting is used to assess the GHG emissions of a nation or organization. Population, carbon intensity in the economy and economic output are the main factors behind carbon footprint. In order to decrease the level of carbon footprints, these agents are the target of individuals. If the size of the carbon footprints is known, strategies can be taken with the aim to reduce it with the help of technological developments, consumption strategies, better management of processes and products. The mitigation of carbon footprints is termed as carbon offsetting. The examples of carbon footprints are electricity, travel, recycling, water and food. The International Energy Agency anticipated 20% to 25% of the total energy production to be contributed by renewable energy in the recent future. The political and economic scenarios have prevented some major approaches in the sector of renewable energy but the recent trend suggests a change in interests. The top authorities operating in finance or technology sector are committed to use renewable sources of energy. An ethical point of view is also associated with their views. Research is on progress around the globe with the view to explore new dimensions in solving environmental hazards. Environmentalists opine that use of

Genetics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Genetics - Assignment Example Accordingly, the accumulation of mutant mtDNA in the reproductive tissues appears to underlie/impair fetal viability, thus, increasing chances of having recurrent miscarriages. 8 In the following pedigrees, the disorders or traits presented follow simple patterns of Mendelian inheritance. For each trait, determine the most probable mode of inheritance, stating whether the trait is due to an autosomal or X-linked gene, and a dominant or recessive allele. In each case, indicate and explain the evidence for each pattern, giving at least one statement and example from the pedigree to defend each part of your analysis. Then, providing a legend for your symbols, assign genotypes to the specified individuals. (15 marks) 9 Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with a gene on chromosome 4. Sickle cell anaemia is due to a gene on chromosome 11. A man and a woman with achondroplasia, who each had a normal parent, are carriers for sickle cell anaemia. Every individual has two copies of each of the genes in their system, one from each parent. The color of the human eye color is determined by at least three hereditable genes. However, only two are well understood. A gene often has two alleles: a dominant one that confers eye color (B for blue eye color) and a recessive one which gives rise to the brown eye color. A brown eyed dad and a green eyed mom may be carriers of the recessive gene of eye color, and thus be able to pass down brown eye genes to their children. As alluded to in the diagram above, both parents are carriers of the brown eyes genes. There is, thus, a slim chance that brown eyed child [bb/gg] being born in the family. Both lead to monoallelic expression [without altering the genetic sequence]; that is genomic imprinting and X-inactivation share certain physical properties such as DNA hypermethylation, altered replication timing

Future challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future challenges - Essay Example Information is quite crucial to an exporter or an importer. Information gives the status of shipments, the problems that may cause the shipment to delay etc. New competition looks at the consumer’s lead time, making the execution of orders to be within the required time. The new competition will improve the various management processes involving the customer. This is the relationship between a company and its consumers with information on products’ availability. A successful organization has to lay focus on building customer relationships for example positive treatments towards the customer, determining customer satisfaction in order to achieve company goals. Consumer demand will increase and be different in future after them gaining confidence in the company. Creation of a good relationship with the customers will be the determining factor for growth and expansion of the company. Competition has built a fragile environment for businesses operation. Therefore, need to maintain customers will be of importance to supply chain management. Due to intense competition, there will be requests by the customers to have a wide range of goods for example fresh products of good quality. Competition will impact the suppliers on cost consideration to the consumer. Due to the new competition, companies will provide good services, short lead time and good order execution. A good management of the all the function in the organization from engineering, manufacturing, procurement, marketing, and finance will ensure the reinventing of the supply chain. The authority of all the functions in the company to coordinate the activities well with autonomy will act as a way to reinvent the system (Harland 1996). The overall performance of the companies will emerge from the good coordination from all the functions to produce quality services. New competition will bring about reduced prices to favour the consumers. This will come up from the attempts by competing companies

Should be Abortion be Allowed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should be Abortion be Allowed - Essay Example According to the essay very important reason as to why abortion is not right and therefore should be condemned is because there are very many other safe options to whatever the problem a pregnancy poses in one’s life. The United States alone has over2 million that are unable to get their own children and therefore are more than willing to adopt. It would be more human and wise on the part of a woman who finds herself with an unwanted pregnancy to give birth and then give the baby up for adoption as this will allow the baby enjoy life. Ending a baby’s life is therefore an act of cruelty and selfishness as one sacrifices a precious life that would have been loved and raised by other willing parents. From this study it is clear that abortion can also be harmful to the mother; by deciding to procure an abortion a woman places her life at get risk of being negatively affected. Psychiatrists have opined that over 65% of women who have had abortions are found to show the signs of post-traumatic stress disorder afterwards. Many women end up in depression since they regret their actions and this can really affect their health. Other medical effects can also follow such as failure to failure to conceive in future, sicknesses and even in some cases. It physically affects the victim in a way that is dangerous. Abortion in itself is also brutal as the life of a living baby is taken away in a manner that is painful. It is therefore by all means wrong for someone to imagine ending a baby’s life in a way that is harmful. Even with many adverse effects of abortions those people who belong to the pro-choice school believe abortion should be left to the choice of the individual. According to this school thought the woman should be left to choose what is done in, on and with her body. This is agreeable across the board since everyone has the constitutional right of choice but the bone of controversy arises when life of an innocent is involved.

Dramatic features The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Dramatic features The Crucible Essay The Crucible is always played exactly in its historical context with Puritan clothes and sets, it is rarely updated. What dramatic features does Miller employ to ensure the play maintains its relevance for a 21st century audience? In this essay I intend to discuss how Arthur Miller ensures that his play, which is set in Salem, Massachusetts, in the late 17th century, is still appealing and pertinent to a 21st century audience. Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953, during the zenith of the McCarthy affairs in America. In 1692, the hysteria was owing to the alleged infiltration of witches under the command of Satan, while Joseph McCarthy was concerned with the supposed infiltration of Communists into American society. In both cases there were many innocent people accused and arrested, and panic bit into both communities. The play is relevant nowadays for many reasons: because it links with the situation in Afghanistan, it is exciting to watch because of the high tension and quite fast pace throughout, it incorporates dramatic irony to make the audience part of the action, and because it can appeal to so many different types of people. The reason why the whole Salem tragedy came about was because of an ancient paradox: a paradox still thriving and very relevant today. The paradox was the balance between individual freedom and prohibitive rules. The people of Salem had a religious theocracy, which was designed to keep the community together and to prevent any disunity in the neighbourhood. In this respect, the theocracy worked well. However, all governing systems must have rules of prohibition, or they simply will not work. Evidently, in Salem, the time had come when the repressions of order became too harsh in comparison to the dangers against which the order was set. The witch-hunt was a sign of the disarray when the balance began to swivel towards more individual freedom. An example of this paradox in modern society is the war in Afghanistan. Afghanistan was ruled by a religious theocracy, under the command of the Taliban. In order for the theocracy to be effective, the Taliban imposed prohibitive rules, such as the rule that all men must wear beards. Perhaps it was excessive individual freedom that led to the September 11th tragedy. Clearly, The Crucible is a parable for many events like the Afghanistan situation with the Taliban. Just imagine the reaction of the Taliban if a child had started playing at being an American, like in The Crucible children play at being witches. The anger and fear generated would have been just the same, despite being separated by over three hundred years. Even though times have changed since 1692, human nature is still identical, and tragic events like these will continue to happen because of our nature. It is futile writing a play that has a very relevant message to give to its audience, if the audience doesnt stay until the end of the play. By using a structure that builds the tension progressively through the play, Miller ensures that his audience are kept firmly on the edges of their seats. He uses a climactic curtain at the end of each act, to entice the audience back to their seats after the interval. An example of this is the cliff-hanger at the end of the first act, when the girls are hysterically accusing other women of being with the Devil.

Should Juvenile Offender Be Tried As Adults Criminology Essay

Should Juvenile Offender Be Tried As Adults Criminology Essay Psychoanalysts have different theories and opinions. It does not matter if one looks at the theories of Jean Piaget or Erik Erickson, it is agreed that there are different levels of growth and development as a person ages. One does not reach full physiological and psychological maturity until adulthood. During the adolescent or juvenile stage of development, the brain and body continue to grow and mature. The brain is still developing and a person can still develop the cognitions to learn between right and wrong (Feldman, 2011). Trying these young offenders as adults and subjecting them to the way of the criminals they will come in contact with in adult prisons, supplies them with a society that will teach them skills needed to survive in a criminal world. If they are held in juvenile detention centers and provided the rehabilitation that is offered to them at that level, they have a better chance of learning right from wrong, repaying a debt to society for crimes committed, and beco ming a productive member of society. When a juvenile offenders commits an offense there are different guidelines that each state must follow when deciding to try as a juvenile or an adult. Depending on where the responsibility for the decision lies these guidelines will fall under one of three categories; judicial waiver, statutory exclusion, or concurrent jurisdiction (PBS, 2012). Judicial waiver means the juvenile court judge has the authority to send the case to criminal court rather than have it tried in the juvenile court system. This process is also knows as certification, remand, or bind over for criminal prosecution (Griffin, Addie, Adams, Firestine, 2011). Statutory exclusion means that a case starts out in criminal court rather than juvenile court. The juvenile court system is bypassed completely even though the offender is a juvenile. This is also known as legislative exclusion (Griffin, Addie, Adams, Firestine, 2011). Concurrent jurisdiction means that both systems work together and the prosecutor decides which avenue is the appropriate avenue for prosecution. This is also known as prosecutorial waiver, prosecutor discretion, or direct file (Griffin, Addie, Adams, Firestine, 2011). Laws started changing the way juveniles are handled in the 1980s and 1990s. For example, in Massachusetts, in 1990, Governor Dukakis signed a law into effect that stated that instead of the burden being placed on the court system to decide if a juvenile was to be tried as an adult, the burden of proof now was shifted to the juvenile to prove why they should not be tried as an adult (Kingsbury, 1990). The purpose of trying juveniles as adults is to impose harsher sentences in hopes that the fear of the harsher sentences will make juveniles think twice about committing the crimes but studies are showing that this is really not what is happening (PBS, 2012). Guidelines that govern the justice systems came into play in 1974 when the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act were enacted. Since its origination there have been many attempts, successful and not, to amend it. It sets standards for state and local juvenile justice systems, provides direct funding for states, research, training and technical assistance, and evaluations. It was put in place to protect youth (Center for Childrens Law and Policy). States that have no minimum age requirement to be tried as an adult are Alaska, Arizona, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin (PBS, 2012). States that have a minimum age of 10 are Kansas and Vermont (PBS, 2012). States that have a minimum age of 12 are Colorado, Missouri, and Montana (PBS, 2012). States that have a minimum age of 13 are Illinois, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, and Wyoming (PBS, 2012). States that have a minimum age of 14 are Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Texas, Utah and Virginia (PBS, 2012). The one state that has a minimum age of 15 is New Mexico (PBS, 2012). One side of the argument is that juvenile offenders that are tried as adults, do not receive the rehabilitation that might help them and they only learn more from the criminals they are housed with and are returned to society as even worse offenders. Treating children as adults and not trying to teach them to become more responsible adults, society is not allowing them to learn from mistakes that are being made as a child. The other side of the argument is that by treating them as children and not subjecting them to harsher punishments, society is teaching them it is ok to commit the crimes and that they will not be held responsible at the same standards an adult would. There is hope that the fear of a harsher sentence would make a juvenile think twice about his actions and consider the harsher consequences. Over time, multiple studies have shown that there is little or no decrease in crime when juveniles are tried as adults and often show that the number of repeat offenses is higher in those, whose cases were tried in adult criminal court. A Florida study looked at reoccurring or repeat offenders among 2,738 juvenile offenders. It compared juveniles who had been processed in criminal court for mid-range offenses such as auto theft, assault, and robbery with a matched group of offenders that had remained in the juvenile system. To ensure and even match, they were matched in terms of offense, number of charges, prior record, race, sex, and age (University, 2007, p. 21). Short term study results showed that juveniles who went through the adult system were rearrested more quickly, were more likely to be rearrested, and were arrested more often for a more serious felony offense than those that remained in the juvenile system (University, 2007, p. 21). Two studies were completed comparing 16 and 17 year old offenders in New York City, who were processed in the adult criminal system as opposed to 16 and 17 year old offenders in New Jersey who remain in the juvenile system. The first study in the early 1980 compared 400 offenders who had committed first degree burglary and 400 first and second degree burglary offenders. Those juveniles that were put through the adult criminal system in New York were found to have higher rearrest rates, higher rates of reincarceration and shorter times between being rearrested (University, 2007, p. 22). The second study was completed in the early 1990s in the same locations using over 2000 juveniles that faced charges of robbery, burglary and assault. Again the results showed higher rearrest rate for violent crimes and a higher rearrest rate for felony property crimes (University, 2007, p. 22). In this last study there was one difference. Juveniles that were prosecuted in juvenile court for drug offen ses were more likely to be arrested for drug offenses than those processed in the adult criminal courts. On a larger scale, in 2006 a study was done comparing monthly violent arrest rates for 5 years prior to and after the laws were enacted to try the juveniles as adults. The study did not show a reduction in the overall rate of violent crime after the enactment of the laws. In 20 of 22 states there was no decline in arrest rates following the enactment of the laws. The state of Maine showed an overall decline for violent crimes and Wisconsin showed a temporary decline (University, 2007). Another study found that mixing juvenile offenders with more serious offenders in adult prison worsened the serious of their offenses as well as the length of their criminal careers (University, 2007). As the majority of studies show, prosecuting juveniles as adults is not a deterrent for crime. It only gives them knowledge and the skills to become more adept at the crimes. To understand the reasoning for this, one would need to look at the brain and the learning patterns of the human race. Most states have minimum age requirements for an adolescent to be tried as an adult, as stated above these ages vary from 10 to 15. During these years, the adolescent is still maturing and learning from the environment around them which can help shape the person they are to become. A person does not fully mature until they reach adulthood (Feldman, 2011). Society has two choices. A juvenile can be incarcerated and handled in the juvenile system, that is set up to help them learn from their actions and rehabilitate them to becoming a functioning productive member of society or they can be processed through the adult system; where they can learn from other criminals how to better their skills as a criminal and not receive any chance of rehabilitation. They will then be returned to society to practice what they have learned during incarceration. There are instances that should be reserved to be handled only in the adult judicial system. The crime of murder should be punishable as an adult because of the severity of deliberately taking another personà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s life. A person that is capable of deliberately taking another life, regardless of age is not capable of rehabilitation. There are cases of self-defense and accidents that would not be considered deliberately taking a life and should receive case by case consideration. Another case that should be tried as an adult is a case involving deliberate physical assault or injury. Again, if they are to the point they can deliberately cause physical harm and injury to another, they are most likely past rehabilitation and need to be handled as such. Take into consideration a young male or female that has never been arrested or even so much as received a parking ticket, this adolescent ends up at the wrong personà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s house and there is a party. Succumbing to peer pressure, this honor roll student drinks a few too many beers and rides along with a group of kids that have a criminal past and they break into a closed business. They are apprehended and all are taken through the adult court system. This previous honor roll student now has a felony record and cannot get the job they had in their future plans, they cannot register to vote, they cannot possess a gun and go hunting during hunting season and this is all due one bad mistake that happened one night; throwing away a life time of outstanding achievements. Should this juvenile be held to the same standards as a full grown adult that held a gun to an innocent victim and pulled the trigger? Is this plan foolproof and when does society need to change the rules? Society needs to uphold the same rules for juveniles as it does adults, just on different levels. Most states have a rule for repeat offenders known as 3 strikes youà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢re out. Three times of repeating and they serve a life sentence. Juveniles should be held to the same standards. If they are processed through the juvenile system and repeat offenses three times, then they should be moved up the ladder and processed through the adult judicial system.

Is The Canadian Cable Television Industry a Natural Monopoly :: essays research papers

Chapter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outline Preface  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Title  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page Preface  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outline  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Canadian Cable Television Industry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 II  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Details  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Model  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 III  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Externality Effect  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 III  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comparison with Telephone Industry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 IV  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Table  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Title  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2003 Market Share of Canadian Cable Companies.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canadian Cable Industry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 2.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rogers Communications Incorporation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 2.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shaw Communications Incorporation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 2.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cogeco Cable Company  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marginal Private Benefit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 3.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marginal Private Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 3.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Demand Schedule of the market  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Figure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Title  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2003 Market Share of Canadian Cable Companies.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conventional Depiction of Natural Monopoly  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 2.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Measurement of Possibility of Natural Monopoly  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 2.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canadian Cable Television Indusry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 2.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rogers Communications Incorporations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 2.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shaw Communications Incorporation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 2.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cogeco Cable Company  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Externality Effect of Regulation of Cable Industry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Chapter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. THE CANADIAN CABLE TELEVISION INDUSTRY It all started back in 1981 when Vidà ©otron Ltà ©e and La Presse introduce the first electronic newspaper via cable in Montreal. One year later, The Canadian Radio-television Commission licensed Canada's first pay services and 58% of home televisions were connected to the cable television. The majority of industry members have formed an association the CCTA – Canadian Cable Televisions Association, to have a unified word when facing regulators, help promote the industry’s services. Table 1.1 and figure 1.1 show that CCTA have through its members a control over more than 70% of the Canadian cable services. Table 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Market Control (2003) ROGERS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30.30% SHAW   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27.20% COGECO   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.20% EASTLINK   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.20% ACCESS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.00% MONARCH   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.80% OTHER*   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  26.40% TOTAL   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100% *less than 50,000 customers each Figure 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2003 Market share of Canadian Cable Companies Since its inception, cable television service has been subject of substantial intervention on the part of regulators in Canada. The Cable television operators are licensed by a single federal regulatory authority, the CRTC. It classifies Licensed Service Areas (LSA) based partly on the current subscription level within the LSA and partly on the quality of broadcast reception available to the service provider. The issues to be addressed in this paper are the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was the enforced monopoly provision of basic cable television justified? Chapter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Details 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. MODEL When a monopoly occurs because it is more efficient for one firm to serve an entire market than for two or more firms to do so, because of the sort of economies of scales available in that market. A common example is water distribution, in which the main cost is laying a network of pipes to deliver water. One firm can do the job at a lower average cost per customer than two firms with competing networks of pipes. Monopolies can arise unnaturally by a firm acquiring sole ownership of a resource that is essential to the production of a good or service, or by a government granting a firm the legal right to be the sole producer. Other unnatural monopolies occur when a firm is much more efficient than its rivals for reasons other than economies of scale.

Organic Chemistry Essay -- Chemistry

Chemistry has been called the science of what things are. Its intent is the exploration of the nature of the materials that fabricate our physical environment, why they hold the different properties that depict them, how their atomic structure may be fathomed, and how they may be manipulated and changed. Although organic reactions have been conducted by man since the discovery of fire, the science of Organic chemistry did not develop until the turn of the eighteenth century, mainly in France at first, then in Germany, later on in England. By far the largest variety of materials that bombard us are made up of organic elements. The beginning of the Ninetieth century was also the dawn of chemistry, all organic substances were understood as all being materials produced by living organisms: wood, bone, cloth, food, medicines, and the complex substances that configure the human body. Inorganic material was believed to come from the Earth: salt, metals, and rock, just to name a few.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of the human’s wonder of natural life, organic materials were believed to possess an enigmatic â€Å"Vital Force.† Thus organic chemistry was separated from inorganic chemistry, and it became it’s own field of science. By the turn of the Nineteenth the â€Å"Vital Force† theory was immensely discredited, but this branch of science still stayed separated from inorganic chemistry. Back when Organic chemistry was the chemistry of living matter, Professor Wohler succeeded in synthesizing in the laboratory an organic compound previously observed in living tissue as Urea. Professor Wohler made this organic compound from non-living chemical substance, Ammonium Cyanate. He evaporated a solution of Ammonium Cyanate to produce Urea. Thus rendering the â€Å"Vital Force† theory to be with flaws. Other famous experiments proved the vitalism theory was wrong. In 1845 Kolbe synthesized acetic acid, the chief component in vinegar, in a flow of reactions starting with Carbon, the experiment is demonstrated better defined since acetic acid (C6H4O2) is a carbon-carbon bond. The theory of vitalism, like many other scientific theories, disappeared slowly under the weight of accumulated evidence rather than as a consequence of any one brilliant and enlightening experiment. Structural theory, which developed in the 1860’s, started the second major period of growth in the organic chemistry field. The de... ...reactions were already known and in active use to synthesize organic compounds into other compounds, only with this understanding of the nature of a chemical bond did a clear reason of the nature an mechanism of chemical reactions begin to appear. This will be clear when one realizes that the transformation of one molecule to another, a chemical reaction, requires the breaking of some bonds and the making of others. This process could not be understood until one knew what a bond is. Thus if the nineteenth century was devoted to unraveling the fixed structures of molecules, the twentieth century will be devoted to the study of their transformations. The study of science and more specifically the study of organic chemistry is an on going affair. In the scientific community one never rests, there is a continual stream of experimentation and the desire to explore new realms. The cutting edge in science is grounded in the medical field. How can we manipulate genetic codes the building blocks of life? The things we have learned over the years are allowing us to build those bridges to the future, a future that might see an improvement in the human condition by way of organic chemistry. Organic Chemistry Essay -- Chemistry Chemistry has been called the science of what things are. Its intent is the exploration of the nature of the materials that fabricate our physical environment, why they hold the different properties that depict them, how their atomic structure may be fathomed, and how they may be manipulated and changed. Although organic reactions have been conducted by man since the discovery of fire, the science of Organic chemistry did not develop until the turn of the eighteenth century, mainly in France at first, then in Germany, later on in England. By far the largest variety of materials that bombard us are made up of organic elements. The beginning of the Ninetieth century was also the dawn of chemistry, all organic substances were understood as all being materials produced by living organisms: wood, bone, cloth, food, medicines, and the complex substances that configure the human body. Inorganic material was believed to come from the Earth: salt, metals, and rock, just to name a few.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of the human’s wonder of natural life, organic materials were believed to possess an enigmatic â€Å"Vital Force.† Thus organic chemistry was separated from inorganic chemistry, and it became it’s own field of science. By the turn of the Nineteenth the â€Å"Vital Force† theory was immensely discredited, but this branch of science still stayed separated from inorganic chemistry. Back when Organic chemistry was the chemistry of living matter, Professor Wohler succeeded in synthesizing in the laboratory an organic compound previously observed in living tissue as Urea. Professor Wohler made this organic compound from non-living chemical substance, Ammonium Cyanate. He evaporated a solution of Ammonium Cyanate to produce Urea. Thus rendering the â€Å"Vital Force† theory to be with flaws. Other famous experiments proved the vitalism theory was wrong. In 1845 Kolbe synthesized acetic acid, the chief component in vinegar, in a flow of reactions starting with Carbon, the experiment is demonstrated better defined since acetic acid (C6H4O2) is a carbon-carbon bond. The theory of vitalism, like many other scientific theories, disappeared slowly under the weight of accumulated evidence rather than as a consequence of any one brilliant and enlightening experiment. Structural theory, which developed in the 1860’s, started the second major period of growth in the organic chemistry field. The de... ...reactions were already known and in active use to synthesize organic compounds into other compounds, only with this understanding of the nature of a chemical bond did a clear reason of the nature an mechanism of chemical reactions begin to appear. This will be clear when one realizes that the transformation of one molecule to another, a chemical reaction, requires the breaking of some bonds and the making of others. This process could not be understood until one knew what a bond is. Thus if the nineteenth century was devoted to unraveling the fixed structures of molecules, the twentieth century will be devoted to the study of their transformations. The study of science and more specifically the study of organic chemistry is an on going affair. In the scientific community one never rests, there is a continual stream of experimentation and the desire to explore new realms. The cutting edge in science is grounded in the medical field. How can we manipulate genetic codes the building blocks of life? The things we have learned over the years are allowing us to build those bridges to the future, a future that might see an improvement in the human condition by way of organic chemistry.

The Role of Women in Screwball Comedy Films :: Movies

The Role of Women in Screwball Comedy Films Joan Wilder: You're leaving? You're leaving me?! Jack Colton: You're gonna be all right, Joan Wilder. Yea. You always were. Like a contemporary Dorothy, Romancing the Stone's Joan Wilder must travel to Columbia and survive incredible adventures to learn that she had always been a capable and valuable person. Romancing the Stone (Robert Zemeckis, 1984) is part of a series of 1980s action comedies that disrupted previous expectations for female heroines. These female protagonists manage to subvert the standard action narrative and filmic gaze, learning to rescue themselves and to resist others' limited vision of them. Not only did these action comedies present strong female characters, they also offered a new filmic experience for female audiences. The commercial success of comic action heroines paved the way for women to appear in serious action roles--without the personal sacrifices required of Sigourney Weaver’s Ripley. Figures like Joan Wilder serve as an important link between previous strong yet feminine screen personas and current female stars. Led by Laura Mulvey, feminist film critics have discussed the difficulty presented to female spectators by the controlling male gaze and narrative generally found in mainstream film, creating for female spectators a position that forces them into limited choices: "bisexual" identification with active male characters; identification with the passive, often victimized, female characters; or on occasion, identification with a "masculinized" active female character, who is generally punished for her unhealthy behavior. Before discussing recent improvements, it is important to note that a group of Classic Hollywood films regularly offered female spectators positive, female characters who were active in controlling narrative, gazing and desiring: the screwball comedy. Comedy often allows for a subversion of the status quo that is not tolerated in more serious genres. Beginning in the 1930s, the subgenre of screwball comedy presented female characters who were active and desiring, without evoking negative characterizations as "unfeminine" or "trampish." Screwball comedies represent a specific form of romantic comedy that features a complicated situation--or more often a series of complications--centered around a strong-willed, unpredictable female. The comedy is generally physical as well as verbal. Screwball and other forms of romantic comedy do not just reverse the masculine/active, feminine/passive paradigm--which as E. Ann Kaplan notes accomplishes little in terms of change--but instead strengthens the female and weakens the male just enough to put them on more equal footing.

Rice dishes Essay

The famed George Bernard Shaw once proclaimed â€Å"There is no love sincerer than the love of food. † I couldn’t agree more. I, myself, am something of a food enthusiast. And my favorite food is biryani. You just cannot go wrong with it. You just cannot. Even the most critical and picky individuals cannot resist indulging themselves when it takes â€Å"center stage† on the dinner table. Biryani is the name and stuffing one’s face is the game. Biryani is, by far, my most favorite dish. I can’t emphasize that enough. And those who aren’t exactly on the same page as me or aren’t even familiar with the book I am so fixated upon â€Å"oughtta† be ashamed of themselves. But that’s alright I guess, as I will take some precious time from my schedule to shed some revealing light to the â€Å"underprivileged. † Biryani has everything. It has great taste, a unique taste, a variety of taste, it even smells great, it’s better than anything you can or want to compare it to, and you should most definitely eat it every day. This is an ode to biryani. Biryani originated from the Indian subcontinent and spread to a few countries in the surrounding areas. As a result different variations of the dish sprung about. All the variations of the dish taste pretty great in their own right. That’s miracle number one. The dish is so beautiful that even when made with a few slip-ups it turns out not only edible but quite tasty. You can only say that about a few other dishes, if any at all. But the biryani that will make any reader of this salivate and have hunger pains originated in the state of AP [abbreviated] in India. There exists a city in this state that we call Hyderabad and the biryani there†¦well let’s just keep it simple and say when I first had the biryani from there I thought I passed away and ended up just short of heaven. But I was okay with it because it was absolutely delicious. I’ll admit that I am a tad bit biased with regards to the biryani from Hyderabad due to it being the place of my birth and my parents’. [From now on, I am referring to Hyderabadi biryani when I write biryani unless stated otherwise] Just a touch though I assure you. Let’s get a move on shall we? Biryani is a rice dish. You add a ton of Indian spices as well as vegetables such as mint, and pepper, etc. Then you can either opt to with chicken, seafood, or beef/veal. You can’t go wrong with either. Then you can add plain yogurt with vegetables amongst other things or you can use specific eggplant gravy. They both complement the biryani really well so there are no losers here. The smell will arouse your nose once it is done cooking and sometimes if you cook it well the arousal will begin while the dish is in the cooking process. When you are eating, your tongue will feel as your body does and some unspecified parts do when you make love to the person of your dreams. It is that good! The dish encompasses every great taste that was created and you’ll see, smell, and taste what sets it apart from absolutely any other food in this world. It’s spicy but just the right amount. And you can adjust it based on your spice standard. I promise you won’t need to. It’s a bit tangy but not too much. The only word that does it even a minuscule amount of justice is refreshing. I cannot do disservice to the dish by describing it any other way. If dishes were creatures, every dish other than biryani would be human, plant or animal and biryani would be a superior extra-terrestrial or the God of all dishes. Understood? I was directed to compose this paragraph with the objective of describing the taste and smell. UI thought about it hard and long and I decided that I would describe it by writing about how it made me feel and using comparisons and parallels simply because there is no way to describe biryani. I discussed the process so as to give an idea of what the ingredients combined would taste like, But I’m helpless if was to try to define it further. Biryani tastes like †¦.. [Fill in the blanks with all your personal taste preferences except for sweet]. Biryani is king! There are many similar foods in terms of appearance and texture characteristics simply due to the fact that biryani’s base product is plain white rice. But to me the only real competition biryani has if we are talking about taste is stirred fried rice with shrimps and even that doesn’t stand a chance. So imagine stirred fried rice but like 10-15 times better realistically speaking. Biryani is better because it has all the tastes that stirred fried rice has and more. Stir fry is like the Neanderthal while biryani is the homo-sapien. It’s like an evolution. Imagine that. How much more improved is the homo-sapien than the Neanderthal? Calculate accordingly how much better biryani is than stirred fried rice. And if stirred fried rice is that far behind all these other foods are†¦you get the idea. Everything in terms of taste is enhanced while there are more desirable features added. Biryani is healthier too. You can make it with white, red, or sea food meat. More variety? Check. You cannot make stir fry without citric acid and large amounts of vinegar. And sure it tastes pretty great, have some health benefits, and help you give the proper amount of protein or whatever it maybe but it won’t give you nearly all of what you need. It is highly probable that its harms outweigh its benefits. Be ready for heart burns and heart attacks. I apologize for the brashness. Biryani is king and stirred fried rice is a prince, and hardly that. While eating stirred fried rice, you’ll think to yourself â€Å"Man this needs more salt, spice. It would be perfect if the meat were more cooked, left to thaw more. This, that and a third and etc. If only it †¦ † Well those needs and ifs add up to make a majestic dish called biryani. The impossible simply becomes biryani: so much better than stirred fried rice and all the other dishes don’t even compare. â€Å"How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth,† said Sherlock Holmes. He was talking about biryani. You just lost your job. You get home and all your cats passed away. No girl/guy likes you. And while you go outside to get some supplies your house burns down. Fu@#! No worries. All you have to do is get some biryani and it’ll almost be like you passed away and ended up right underneath heaven. So if your days are any less stressful than the one described than you have no right to complain unless you still feel down after indulging in some biryani. And if you still feel down, you probably have no hope. Yup biryani is that damn good man. That’s why you, I, and everyone SHOULD eat it every day. It’ll make the worst of one’s days into solid ones and cheer one up after a brutal day in the lab. It is also quite healthy. It is not unhealthy unless you have an unhealthy fetish of an ingredient, whether it be you loving green peppers or salt. It’s all about moderation. Other foods when cooked with moderation of ingredients end up being a little too this or a little too that. Biryani works baby. It provides crabs, protein, lipids, and even vitamins such as vitamin c and d. Biryani can be found in many places especially in Chicago where there is a dense sub-continental population. There are also several ready-made mixes where you just cook with a plain rice, and get a solid biryani product. Time is of the essence and you won’t need to spend hours in the kitchen. Cooking it, whether from a ready-made mix packet or from scratch, is not very time consuming. Numerous benefits and an absence of side effects. Sounds lovely doesn’t it? Why not eat healthy, pleasurably, tasty, and without too much preparation? There are never losers with biryani. Biryani is king! All in all, biryani is my most beloved and favorite dish. And as I said before, I am a food enthusiast, so my tongue has been around. I know taste. Whether you eat to live or live to eat, biryani is the way to go. It tastes like Zeus’s dinner, is so much better than stirred fried rice and better than anything Paula Deen can cook, and should be eaten every day for any food reason one can possibly think of. Side effects are nonexistence while the benefits are numerous like the members of the feline family. So head to Devon Ave [Little India] and Hyderabad House and grab yourself a few plates. And remember biryani is king!

Lets stop scaring are self’s

Crimson's essay â€Å"Lets Stop Scaring Ourselves† makes readers think twice at any time they hear of an issue that may affect them. Coercion reasons that people will often scare themselves whenever they hear of an issue that will upset their lives. Coercion starts his essay by declaring that when the scientists were predicting the world to experience global cooling rather than global warming. Then follows with how the world was to suppose to have ended. In the duration of his essay he pronounces a sense of miscalculations from people who've made predictions about owe our world will end or be destroyed.Coercion states that these predictions terrified people making them believe we would have global cooling, experience a decline In the population and experience brain damage using cell phones. Coercion conserves that people live In a state of panic whenever we hear news that could possibly change our world. During the essay Coercion uses YAK as an example of how computer speciali sts predicted that the stock market would crash and airplanes would fall out of the sky. When this news arose people cashed out here savings and money market accounts and then in the end nothing changed.Crimson's essay uses ample numbers of examples to show how different cases can cause one to scare or frighten there self's. Providing examples helped prove his argument that people will often scare themselves with real life situations. He proves to the readers with examples from global warming and cooling, to the world starving to death, and even the world running out of supplies. When people hear about these issues they acknowledge it is scary to hear about nevertheless often things get out of reapportion and an issue that may not be a big one will turn into one.Issues today often get tossed way out of proportion. When we hear of something that will hurt us we will freak out and stop doing whatever that is or don't do it at all. Coercion mentions in his essay that he read an article about an issue of cell phones causing brain damage. We have seen and heard of this before. In an article by the university of Wisconsin-Madison they found that cell phone usage does not affect brain damage or create brain tumors.There are numerous articles that support this Information, all you have to do is look for it and not Just believe the first misinformed bit of news you hear. I believe everyone scares themselves with the news they hear from friends, social media, their surroundings, and Fox. It is hard to believe or trust anything we see on TV or the news now a day. Scare tactics have been used to control the populous of the world since the beginning of time, not only by evil men but our own government as well.We need to not trust or believe every bit of news we hear room so called â€Å"creditable sources† and take the time and put the effort upon ourselves to Investigate news that could affect our own lives. Lets stop scaring are self's By pilgrim decline in the po pulation and experience brain damage using cell phones. Coercion conserves that people live in a state of panic whenever we hear news University of Wisconsin-Madison they found that cell phone usage does not affect information, all you have to do is look for it and not Just believe the first misinformed ourselves to investigate news that could affect our own lives.

Plato vs. Aristotle Essay

Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphael’s â€Å"School of Athens† (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences. In a discussion of politics, the stand point of each philosopher becomes an essential factor. It is not coincidental that Plato states in The Republic that Philosopher Rulers who possess knowledge of the good should be the governors in a city state. His strong interest in metaphysics is demonstrated in The Republic various times: for example, the similes of the cave, the sun, and the line, and his theory of the forms. Because he is so involved in metaphysics, his views on politics are more theoretical as opposed to actual. Aristotle, contrarily, holds the view that politics is the art of ruling and being ruled in turn. In The Politics, he attempts to outline a way of governing that would be ideal for an actual state. Balance is a main word in discussing Aristotle because he believes it is the necessary element to creating a stable government. His less metaphysical approach to politics makes Aristotle more in tune with the modern world, yet he is far from modern. Plato’s concept of what politics and government should be is a direct result of his belief in the theory of forms. The theory of forms basically states that there is a higher â€Å"form† for everything that exists in the world. Each material thing is simply a representation of the real thing which is the form. According to Plato, most people cannot see the forms, they only see their representation or their shadows, as in the simile of the cave. Only those who love knowledge and contemplate on the reality of things will achieve understanding of the forms. Philosophers, who by definition are knowledge lovers, are the only beings who can reach true knowledge. This concept has to be taken a step further because in The Republic, Plato states that philosophers should be the rulers since they are the only ones who hold the form of the good. Plato seems to be saying that it is not enough to know the forms of tables or trees, one must know the greatest form–form of the good–in order to rule. The reasoning is: if you know the good, then you will do the good. Therefore, philosopher rulers are by far the most apt to rule. In The Republic, Plato builds around the idea of Philosopher Rulers. Even though it is not his primary point, it certainly is at the core of his discussion of the ideal state. The question that arises is, ‘Why do you need ideal states which will have philosophers as rulers? ‘ There are many layers to the answer of this question. The first thing is that a state cannot be ideal without having philosophers as rulers. This answer leads to the question, ‘Then why do you need ideal states to begin with? ‘ The Republic starts with a discussion of Justice which leads to the creation of the ideal state. The reason why an ideal state is needed is to guarantee the existence of Justice. This does not mean, though, that there cannot be states without Justice. Actually, Plato provides at least two reasons why the formation of a state cannot be avoided. These are: 1. human beings are not self-sufficient so they need to live in a social environment, and 2.each person has a natural aptitude for a specified task and should concentrate on developing it (The Republic, pp 56-62). Although a person is not self-sufficient, a composition of people–a state–satisfies the needs of all its members. Furthermore, members can specialize on their natural fortitudes and become more productive members of society. States are going to form, whether purposefully or coincidentally. For this reason, certain rules have to be enacted for the well-being of the state. The main way to institutionalize rules is through government and in the form of laws. Plato’s The Republic is not an explication of laws of the people. It is a separation of power amongst three classes–Rulers, Auxiliaries, Commoners–that makes the most of each person’s natural abilities and strives for the good of the community. The point is to create a harmonious unity amongst the three classes which will lead to the greater good of the community and, consequently, each individual. The three classes are a product of different aptitude levels for certain tasks amid various individuals. Plato assigns different political roles to different members of each class. It appears that the only classes that are allowed to participate in government are the Auxiliaries and, of course, the Philosopher Rulers. The lower class does not partake in politics because they are not mentally able. In other words, they do not understand the concept of the forms. Thus, it is better to allow the Philosophers, who do have this knowledge, to lead them. Providing food and abode for the Guardians is the only governmental responsibility the lower class has. The Auxiliaries are in charge of the military, police, and executive duties. Ruling and making laws is reserved for the Philosopher Rulers whose actions are all intended for the good of the state. To ensure that public good continues to be foremost on each Ruler’s agenda, the Rulers live in community housing, hold wives/children in common, and do not own private property. The separation of classes is understood by everybody Self-interest, which could be a negative factor in the scheme of things, is eliminated through a very moral oriented education system. All these provisions are generated to maintain unity of the state. The most extravagant precaution that Plato takes is the Foundation Myth of the metals. By making the people believe, through a myth, that the distinction of each class is biological as well as moral, Plato reassures that there won’t be any disruption in the harmony of the state. Whereas Plato’s The Republic is a text whose goal is to define Justice and in doing so uses the polis, Aristotle’s The Politics’s sole function is to define itself–define politics. Aristotle begins his text by answering the question: â€Å"Why does the state exist? † His answer is that the state is the culmination of natural associations that start with the joining of man and woman (â€Å"pair†), which have a family and form a â€Å"household†; households unite and form villages; villages unite and form the state. This natural order of events is what is best because it provides for the needs of all the individuals. Aristotle, like Plato, believes that a person is not self-reliant. This lack of sufficiency is the catalyst in the escalating order of unions among people. In The Politics, it appears that Aristotle is not very set on breaking down society. His argument says that there are different classes in society, but they are naturally defined. For example, he devotes a lot of time to an explanation of the â€Å"naturalness† of slaves and their role in society. Aristotle is also very sexist and explicitly states so. His view is that women are inferior to men in all senses. Perhaps the most pertaining to our discussion is the citizen, whose role is purely political. Both Plato and Aristotle seem to agree that some people are not capable of practicing an active role in political life. Plato’s reason is that the lower class is not mentally adept for the intricacies of higher knowledge on the good. Aristotle seems to base his opinion on a more political issue. He believes that only those that fully participate in their government should be considered citizens of the state. For this reason, he excludes workers as citizens because they would not have the required time to openly participate in politicking. The Aristotelian polis, as opposed to Plato’s, is a city with a large middle class which promotes stability and balances the conflicting claims of the poor and the rich. Aristotle combines elements of democracy with elements of aristocracy, again to balance opposing claims. Because he is aware that human interest is an inextricable entity, the distribution of scarce and valuable goods is in proportion to contribution to the good of the polis. This system provides for the self interested who believe that those who work harder should receive more. Another point is that the citizens rule and are ruled in turn, insofar as the mixed social system allows. This is permissible because of the strong involvement of the citizens in government; it is what one would call a â€Å"true democracy. † Overall, a spirit of moderation prevails. The philosophies of Aristotle and Plato have been around for over sixteen centuries, yet today it is difficult to find specific instances where either philosophy is applied. This may be a result of the fact that today’s political philosophy differs from both philosopher’s. While Aristotle and Plato uphold the good of the community or state above individual good, today’s constitution includes a bill of rights that guarantees the rights of each individual in the nation. Having these individual rights is a necessity for today’s citizens. Going back in history to 1787 will show that one of the reasons there was controversy in the ratification of the constitution was that it did not include a Bill of Rights. When the drafters promised that as soon as the constitution was ratified, a Bill of Rights would be added, the doubting states proceeded to ratify it. According to Plato and Aristotle, a Bill of Rights is not necessary because it does not improve the good of the community. Another point of discrepancy between the philosophers and today’s society involves the topic of slavery. Aristotle argues for the naturalness of slavery in The Politics, yet slavery has been considered grotesque for quite some time. In correlation to slavery, there is the undermining of the female population by Aristotle. Although Plato is a lot less discriminatory, he also believes women are the sub-species. While women have had to fight endless battles to achieve the recognition they deserve, today it is a well accepted fact (generally) that women are as capable as men in performing tasks. Naturally, since Aristotle and Plato have been around for such a long time, our society certainly contains some of their influences in a general sense. For example, today it is believed that certain people are born with certain capacities. Intelligence has been attributed to genetics. Because of the different intelligence levels among people, we have different classes–for example: advanced, intermediate, and beginners. In their appropriate level, each person develops his or her abilities to the highest potential. This concept is sometimes at odds with the ideal of equality, ie. we are all human beings. Yet, in essence, it does not take away from the ideal because we are all humans, but we differ in certain capacity levels to complete tasks. Plato’s and Aristotle’s philosophy have helped shape present thought, though, by no means, mandate our practices. The philosophers are very community oriented while we value the individual. Besides differing with today’s standards, each philosopher is in his own way distinct. Plato is very attracted to metaphysical philosophy, while Aristotle is much more methodical. Both perspective views are and will continue to puzzle students for years to come.

Trail of Tears

Reading Analysis Guide: Trail of Tears Part A The author, Dee Brown, gives a brief description about Andrew Jackson’s policy on Indian removal in order to gain popularity and power. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the cause and effects of â€Å"Indian Removal† during Jackson’s terms, ultimately creating the â€Å"Trail of Tears. † As early as the colonial period Indian removal was evident, Brown claims. Indians never really got along with white settlers, and even if they tried to resolve the conflicts, it would fail.Indian Removal calmed down over time but in 1828, Andrew Jackson ran for president and immediately knew he would have to wipe out the frontier states. He made a treaty in which the Indians had to remove themselves from the states and move west toward the Mississippi. On there â€Å"trip† to the Mississippi, Indians faced many hardships that included starvation, death, and disease. Part B I feel that all the information given wa s germane and strengthened the chapter as a whole.The strongest points are found when the author talks about the history of Indian Removal. He states that mistreatment of Indians was evident as early as the Colonial Period. I think starting from the historical view of Indian removal made the story flow well and did a good job at catching the reader’s attention. Brown also tells about how the Indians were in America first, and over the years they began ceding their land and adapting to the â€Å"white man’s way. † Part CThe Trial of Tears reminds me of the Taiwan and China during the domination of Chiang Kai-Sheik and Mao Zedong. Chiang Kai-Sheik was apart of the Kuomintang (KMT), while Mao was apart of the Communist Party of China. This can be compared to the Trail of Tears , because neither Chiang nor Mao would accept each other, which reflects the relationship of the Indians and the white settlers in the states. As a result , Chiang moved to Taiwann and declar ed independence from China causing the ROC, while Mao ruled just the mainland of China.Some of the same aspects occurred during this time period as in the Trail of Tears. Chiang are like the Indians, while Mao is like Andrew Jackson (along with the white settlers). Although Chiang and Mao had conflicts, no major violence occurred, however during the Indian Removal period you had the Black Hawk War and rebellions by the Indians. Also, Mao did not force Chiang to move, but Andrew did force the Indians.

Comparison of two Poe short stories Essay

The â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat† are two short stories written by the author Edgar Allan Poe respectively in 1843 and 1845. The two short stories which are characterized by a gothic and mysterious atmosphere has a very similar plot setting, but how do you differ the reason for killing an old innocent man(TTH), and a sudden hanging of the cat that you used to love(BC)? Poe gives a unique opportunity to analyze the way of human behavior through his short stories, where you as a reader have to study the minds of insane individuals who claim to be sane. The atmosphere of Poe’s two shorty stories indicates a lot of fear, which makes the tension rise as the timeline develops. This is seen in both stories, even though we have one big difference regarding the order of the events; in the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† our starting point is in a prison or in a mental health center most likely, where the protagonist recounts the preceding actions, which has led him to the place he is now. This means that we know the whole plot of the story. This flashback-like telling technique makes the reader focus more on aspects we normally consider less important; why does the heartbeat get louder and louder? â€Å"[†¦] the noise arose over all and continually increased. It grew louder – louder – louder!†(P. 158 l. 9-10). These dark and odd aspects are quite important in the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart†, not only because they make the story more exciting and thrilling by the anaphors for instance, but also because it leads us toward a more â€Å"right† comprehension of the protagonists` behavior; how and why is he driven to his state of mi nd? Poe’s way of writing makes the tension rise a lot towards the end. It almost feels like the text is speeding up for the reader because of the action-packed ending containing all of these repetitions and exclamation marks. Furthermore is the monologue also a central factor in both short stories affecting the atmosphere, because the protagonists enrage themselves more and more. No other individuals tries to calm them down in any way, ask how they are etc. Especially this makes them seem even crazier. In â€Å"The Black Cat† is the atmosphere also dark and frightening, but not exactly in the same way though. In contrast to the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† are the smaller effects not that important in â€Å"The Black Cat†. The atmosphere is  more affected directly by the protagonist whose mood seems to be changing a lot through the story. The atmosphere appears almost idyllic in the beginning when the narrator tells us about this love for animals: â€Å"I was especially fond of animals, and was indulged by my parents with a great variety of pets. With these I spent most of my time, and never was so happy as when feeding and caressing them.† (P. 1 l. 21-23), but as the protagonist starts to go out and drink he gets more and more irritable. It seems like he is aware of the changing, but he finds himself unable to reverse it somehow. The answer for this might very well be the alcohol, which gives the atmosphere a huge twist as the protagonists’ senses are attenuated and he catches the wrong impressions of his formerly loved cat Pluto: â€Å"One night, returning home, much intoxicated, from one of my haunts about town, I fancied that the cat avoided my presence.† (P. 2 l. 55-56). The negative side effects of the alcohol withdraw a condition influenced by paranoia for the protagonist. Poe has an unusual way of building up a fearful; more likely a disgusting atmosphere around hobbies containing good moral and mutual pleasure; caretaking of an old man and petting a loyal cat – not really the things we would consider evil. He does this deliberately to make the reader focus more on the protagonist’s personalities: Why would anyone hang a sweet cat or a kill an old man? The relationships are turned upside down; your friends become your enemies. If we take a closer look on the spectacular personalities we most likely indirectly make an interpretation of the protagonists who are defending their extreme behavior. This is specifically seen in the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart†, wherein the protagonist tries to argue for his actions several times: â€Å"And have I not told you what you mistake for madness is but over-acuteness of the senses?† (P. 156 l. 27-28). The denial of the madness almost appear logic to some individuals perhaps, but you do not call it mitigating circumstances what so ever if an individual can hear the heart pounding of a dead man. This is in fact the biggest difference between the two men – the protagonist in the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† could as well be a woman, but he says: â€Å"You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing.† (P. 155 L. 3). For that reason we  assume the individual is a man; a man who has planned his murder for about a week. In contrast to this has the protagonist in â€Å"The Black Cat† not planned his murderous actions at all, but carries them out in blind rage. Besides this does the two protagonists have a lot in common regarding the narration especially. They both seem unreliable; they cannot be completely accurate with everything that happened in the past, particularly the narrator in â€Å"The Black Cat† since he was intoxicated by alcohol most of the time. Both titles say a lot about the narrators as well. The title in the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† can be put in relation to the narrator and his own heart, because he can’t bare his own actions at last and we think that it is in fact his own heart that pounds so hard in the end of the story due to the feeling of guiltiness. This applies equally in the other short story, wherein the man is suppressed by guiltiness in the end and suddenly kills his lovely wife. Furthermore is the thematic subject almost the same as the title interpretation; the human heart cannot bare such guiltïÆ'  outwardly they both seem very confident when the police searches the house, but the inside is the guilt-feeling increasing, which reveals the protagonist’s evil acts in the end. Poe masters the gothic genre very well by creating this fearful environment; even making the home a frightening place in the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart†, whereas he makes irrational pets rational and makes the narrators irrational murdersïÆ'  relationship turned upside down again, this time regarding outwardly behavior. He changes the abilities of human nature in the big whole, which makes the stories a bit hard to analyze and therefore we must as reader think like a psychologist to obtain a slightly right comprehension of the unique stories.